>H ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOLUME LVI, 1945 PHILIP P. CALVERT, EDITOR EMERITUS EDITORIAL STAFF E. T. CRESSON, JR. E. F. J. MARX J. A. G. REHN A. G. RICHARDS, JR. R. G. SCHMIEDER PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, U. S. A. 1945 The numbers of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for 1945 were mailed at the Post Office at Lancaster, Pa., as follows : No. 1 January February 16, 1945 No. 2 February March 14, 1945 No. 3 March April 27, 1945 No. 4 April May 25, 1945 No. 5 May June 18, 1945 No. 6 June July 23, 1945 No. 7 July August 21, 1945 No. 8 October October 19, 1945 No. 9 November December 14, 1945 The date of mailing the December, 1945, number will be announced on the last page of the issue for January, 1946. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS JANUARY 1945 % Vol. LVI No. 1 DIV. IKS. CONTENTS .- Williams Directional sound waves of Oecanthus or A violinist listens to an insect ............ Freeman Notes on North American Hesperiidae ....................... 4 Williams Ants killing Japanese Beetle larva . . . Newman Midwinter collecting of Lepidoptera in Michigan . . . Gates Notes on fleas in Nebraska ........................ Emerson Taxonomic categories and population genetics . . . Obituary Harrison Carman .................. Personal Orazio Querci ...................... Entomological Literature .............................................. PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $3.00 domestic; $3.30 foreign; $3. IS Canada. Entered as second-class matter April 19, 1943, at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879. 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But possession of a trained musical ear has led to an interesting discovery regard- ing the abilities of what I first considered as a quite ordinary cricket-like wing singer. And hence a violin teacher finds him- self writing along a line about which he knows comparatively little, except for the discovery itself. The reader will therefore bear with a lack of scientific terminology, and I must also ask that my frequent use of the first person be pardoned. Some fifteen years ago, while living in Pacific Palisades (a section of Los Angeles just north of my present home city of Santa Monica), I took frequent walks over the vacant lots of the then sparsely settled district. These walks were taken in the evenings and thus led to my becoming interested in the songs of various insects. It was found that one could approach these little creatures quite closely, if care was taken not to snap twigs or otherwise set up vibrations which they could perceive, and it was further noted that they did not object to the brilliant beam of a three cell focusing-model flashlight. Thus ground crickets were observed, together with grasshoppers and so forth. But one type of insect in particular drew my attention because of its high pitched continuous song which seemed to vary constantly (1) 2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jail., '45 in volume as I moved about the bushes whereon they were perched. During the summer nights these insects sang with might and main, holding their wings straight up or even slightly forward of the vertical. The bright light did not bother them in the least which permitted close examination of very many of them. As time went on the fact of the marked change in tonal in- tensity began to impress itself upon my attention, which led to my trying to find out what the cause of this might be. No ap- parent change seemed present in the wing motion, yet the tone volume increased and decreased constantly as I moved about watching any particular insect. Fortunately I did not credit these changes to the interference caused by stems or leaves of the bushes, particularly since they were in a kind of milk-weed with comparatively light foliage and rather delicate structure. It occurred to me, one evening, to focus my light upon a cer- tain insect while it was singing loudly but not moving on its perch, and then walk slowly about the bush and note what effect my motions would have on the tone volume. As I moved the tone became gradually less and less until it was al- most inaudible, and then it began to increase until it reached its former volume, which was followed by another drop in loud- ness, and then a return to clear strong tone as I completed my circuit of the bush. I had taken great care to see that the insect had not moved the position of its body, and hence I felt sure that something connected with my own motions had brought about the marked change in tonal power of this wing singer. It was then only a matter of minutes before I found that if I stood either directly behind or before the line of the insect's body the tone would be loud and clear, but if I moved to either side it became less until it reached the least audible point in a line parallel with the plane of vibration of the wings. This effect I tested again and again with these insects, always finding the re- sults the same. Supposing that this fact of the peculiar ability of the little green cricket to send out highly directional sound waves perpen- dicular to the plane of its wings was well known to entomolo- Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 3 gists, I did nothing about the discovery for a number of years. But as the years continued to come and go it became apparent to me, particularly in reading the articles on insects published in the National Geographic Magazine, that no mention was made of this special sound effect. Then, after still more years had passed, I presented the matter to the National Geographic with a request that they place it in the hands of some one who would be in a position to check the data in order that the discovery, if such it actually was, might not go unrecorded. The magazine replied that it was forwarding my letter to Dr. Edward A. Chapin, Curator of the Division of Insects of the U. S. National Museum, and he wrote to me that he had not read any material wherein such a sound effect was discussed. He said that he wished to send my letter to Mr. James A. G. Rehn, Curator of the Department of Insects of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and asked that I try to obtain a specimen of the insect in question and if possible repeat some of my observa- tions of it. Inspired by this request I went at once to the West Los Angeles Police Department! This appearing to be a quite necessary precaution for one preparing to become an admitted prowler after dark close to a section of the Pacific coast during war time. The Police read my letter from Dr. Chapin with much interest, and advised me to carry it with me, saying that if I did not try to run away I would probably not be shot, al- though they would have to send a patrol car for me if a call came in about my doings. Thus officially registered as an un- official agent of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D. C., I drove over to Pacific Palisades and managed to locate some of the insects desired. It proved an easy matter to cap- ture two of them, in spite of my rather unorthodox equipment consisting of a kitchen glass and a bit of cardboard, for both of the creatures elected to sit tight instead of hopping away as they can so easily do. I was able to re-check most carefully my observations of the sound wave using it, in fact, to locate the insects since one needs only to find the point of greatest in- tensity and the singer will be seen in a light beam directed 4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '45 the sound wave line. The marked variation in tonal intensity was even more pronounced than I had previously considered it to be, for moving my ear a very few inches from the point of greatest loudness brought a noticeable drop in volume. I was, of course, most pleased to have all the data, including the specimens, sent to Mr. Rehn for his consideration, and I wish to express my sincere appreciation of the most careful study he has given the matter. This article is written at his re- quest, and I trust that he will add to it his findings concerning the insect under discussion. It is indeed a pleasure to me to feel that Oecanthus nigri- cornis argentinus a name which I shall always spell in under- lined form with due reverence for its immensity in the ears of the layman is to receive recognition as possibly the first crea- ture to send out highly directional sound waves, even as the spider has long since established its reputation as the first aviator. Notes on Some North American Hesperiidae, with Two New Records for the United States (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera) By H. A. FREEMAN, Pharr, Texas Urbanns eurycles (Latreille) Henry Skinner recorded this species for the United States in 1901, 1 and since that time no authentic records have been made. Some doubt has existed as to the correct determination of Skinners' record, however this can now be put aside as eurycles is well established in the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Mr. T. M. Dunkle, Saratoga, California, sent the writer a $ specimen collected at Brownsville, Texas, July, 1943. The writer collected 6 J 1 ^, V-26-44, at Brownsville and 1 5 at Pharr, Hidalgo County, Texas, VI 1 1-24-44. A number of other specimens were observed at Brownsville during May, fly- ing in company with simplicius (Stoll). Eurycles, however prefers the shade, whereas simplicius flies in the bright sunshine. i Ent. News, XII, 171, 1901. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 5 Astraptes julgerator (Walsh) W. D. Field recorded the capture of a specimen of this species at Donna, Texas. 2 The writer caught two rftf at Brownsville, Texas, one V-26-44 and another VIII-29-44. While looking over a collection of Lepidoptera made by Mrs. E. J. Kelso, a number of both sexes of this species were found, all having been caught in her yard at Pharr, Texas. Apparently this species is established in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas as a number of the specimens observed were fresh. Astraptes anaphus (Cramer) The writer caught a fresh, $ anaphus at Pharr, Texas, IX- 9-44. As far as the writer knows this is the first record of this species having been caught in the United States. Although this species is said to be common in Mexico the writer caught only one J 1 during two summers of collecting from Nuevo Laredo to Acapulco, so apparently it is rather local in its habits. Lerodea tyrtaeus (Ploetz) Since recording the capture of a 5 tyrtaeus at West Colum- bia, Texas, 3 the writer has collected seven more specimens of this species, two J'J 1 at Brownsville, Texas, V-25-44 and two $$, VIII-29-44; one <$ and one $ at Pharr, Texas, IX-10-44 and another 5, IX-17-44. This species has become established in Texas as five of the specimens taken were freshly emerged. This species prefers to fly in the shade of the tropical under- growth so abundant along the lower Rio Grande River. Perichares phocion dolor es (Reakirt) Mrs. E. J. Kelso caught a fresh, specimen of this species in her yard at Pharr, Hidalgo County, Texas, during Novem- ber, 1940. As far as the writer can ascertain this is the first record of this species or any of its races having been collected in the United States. Apparently this specimen strayed across the border from Mexico, where it is more common. - Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, Vol. 13, April 1940; No. 2. s Field & Laboratory, Vol. IX, May, 1941, No. 2. 6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '45 An Observation of Ants Killing a Larva of the Japanese Beetle By JOSEPH L. WILLIAMS, Lincoln University, Pennsylvania At Lincoln University in Chester County, Pennsylvania, a nest of ground ants was disturbed while hoeing in the garden during the latter part of May. A short period was spent ob- serving the workers frantically carrying their larvae and pupae to a place of safety. Shortly afterwards hoeing was resumed. A short distance from the ants a Japanese beetle larva was un- earthed without injury. In a few minutes several ants began attacking the beetle larva about its head. Later other ants were attracted to this struggle, until finally the body of the larva was almost covered with ants. This fight, however, did not cause all of the ants to stop and join in the attack, for hundreds of them were still busy carrying off their larvae and pupae to a place of safety. The larva did not take this attack quietly. It fought back grimly with great vigor. Many ants were killed by its power- ful mandibles. The ants, however, kept on coming. They at- tacked most severely around the larva's head. Two other groups were attacking it on the thorax and at its extreme posterior end. The larva, now being attacked from all sides, gave up fighting and tried to escape by burrowing into the soil. The ants pre- vented the larva from burrowing by crowding in and inflicting such severe pain that it was forced to fight for its life. The beetle larva finally lost its balance and fell over on its back. It tried desperately to right its body. The ants pre- vented this by some piling small particles of dirt around the body. These particles formed a groove throughout the length of the larva's body. During this operation the other ants con- tinued biting the larva. Having the larva badly injured, the ants crowded in for the kill. The larva became so weak that it was unable to fight the ants. Movement of the beetle's body became weak and spas- modic, and finally ceased. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 7 This struggle began at 1 1 :45 A.M. and the larva was com- pletely paralyzed or dead by 1 :20 P.M. After the fight ended the ants began covering the larva's body with fine soil. This operation was observed until the body was half covered with soil. At this point the larva and specimens of the ants were collected and sent to the United States Museum for identifica- tion. The larva was confirmed as that of the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newn.). The ants were identified as Tetra- morium caespitum L. The author is grateful to the officials of the Museum for this kindness. An examination of the larva under the dissecting microscope revealed deep wounds just behind the head and on the thorax just above the legs. The femoral part of each leg on the right side had deep cavities eaten into it. The exoskeleton did not appear broken over the remainder of the body. Midwinter Collecting of Lepidoptera in Michigan JOHN H. NEWMAN, Detroit, Michigan A strip of woods which extends for about two miles, from a short distance north of the town of Utica, Macomb County, Michigan (about twelve miles north of the city limits of De- troit) has yielded interesting and rare specimens of many kinds of insects. Owing to the proximity of the locality to the writer's home he has been able to collect moths there in every month of the year and presents the following notes on captures in January, February and early March in the hope that they might add in a small way to our knowledge of the habits and distribution of these moths and that they might interest other collectors. No- vember and December captures are much more plentiful and the author has numerous species collected in these months which complete recorded captures for each month of the year. It has been my experience when seeking off-season or mid- winter specimens one must, it seems, forget the calendar and pay more attention to the thermometer. The locality, known 8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '45 to old residents as the Devil's Hole, is a mixed hardwoods com- posed chiefly of oak, hickory, maple and elm with rather heavy concentrations of poplar and some basswood. The ground vegetation is luxuriant owing to the low humid situation. Hy- grometer readings have always been at least 58%. The first attempt at winter collecting was on March 7, 1942, when the temperature rose to 54 degrees. In one and one-half hours collecting the following specimens were taken, at bait 1, Grapto- litha antennata; 4, Conistra morrisoni; at light 38, Homoglaea hircina. The latter were interesting as no more than 3 or 4 had been taken in Michigan previously. The second opportunity was offered on February 22, 1943, when the temperature rose to 57 degrees. That evening in the company of Mr. Sherman Moore the sugaring technique of more normal collecting nights was tried, but in vain. However on draping a light sheet over a bush 4 specimens of Homoglaea hircina were secured, although by this time the temperature had receded to 30 degrees and the ground and grass tufts crackled with ice crystals underfoot. One specimen of Conistra mor- risoni was also taken off a small sapling apparently feeding on a moist exudate. We collected a little more than an hour. The following night, February 23, 1943, was warmer; in the woods at 9:00 p.m. the temperature was 46 degrees, the hu- midity 60%, and in sharp contrast to the preceding night the sugar-beer bait was alive with moths, most trees attracting 18 to 24 specimens. By nine o'clock I had collected 63 examples and could easily have taken at least 150, although additional material would have been repetition. I collected about one and one-half hours until a steady rain began soon after nine o'clock. The evening's catch was determined as follows. At bait: 24, Conistra morrisoni; 26, Conistra sidus; 1, Graptolitha bcthunei; 2, Graptolitha laticinera; 2, Graptolitha antennata. At light : 7, Homoglaea hircina; 1, Xylena curvimacula. The next day the temperature dropped to 34 and during the night it registered 12 degrees. On January 25, 1944, the temperature rose to 61 degrees, a record of at least 71 years. Since the weather had been mild Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for some days previous I considered it a good time to see what could be collected in January. At 6:50 p.m. the first moth was taken at bait and at 8 o'clock after having taken 12 specimens the show seemed to be over, for the last two trips along the bait- line yielded nothing at all. The material collected was: 4, Conistra morrisoni; 5, Conistra sidus; 1, Conistra indirecta; 1, Pyrejcrra graefiana; 1, Peronia ferritgana. All were in excel- lent condition, fresh in color and wing fringes unimpaired. The following day, January 26, 1944, gave another temperature rec- ord, 64 degrees. I set my bait rather early and by 7 :50 p.m., when things called a halt rather suddenly I had taken another 13 specimens. A light-sheet draped over a bush yielded nothing, Homoglaea hircina being conspicuous by its absence. The material collected was as follows. 4, Conistra indirecta; 5, Conistra morrisoni; 2, Pyrejcrra graefiana; 1, Agnopteryx nigrinotella; 1, Agnopteryx pulvipennclla. The collections may be tabulated as follows. Phalaenidae Cuculli'mae : Conistra indirecta Wlk. 1, Jan. 25 and 4, Jan. 26, 1944. C. morrisoni Grt. 4, Mar. 7, 1942; 1, Feb. 22 and 24, Feb. 23. C. sidus Gn. 26, Feb. 23, 1943 ; 5, Jan. 26, 1944. Pyreferra graefiana Grt. 1, Jan. 25, and 2, Jan. 26, 1944. Graptolitha antennata Wlk. 1, Mar. 7, 1942; 2, Feb. 23, 1943. G. bethunei G. and R . 1, Feb. 23, 1943. G. laticincra Grt. 2, Feb. 23, 1943. Homoglaea hircina Morr. 38, Mar. 7, 1942 ; 4, Feb. 22 and 7, Feb. 23, 1943. Xylena curvimacula Morr. 1, Feb. 23, 1943. Occophoridae (det. Sherman Moore) : Agnopteryx nigrinotella Busck 1, Jan. 26, 1944. A. pulvipennclla Clem. 1, Jan. 26, 1944. Tortricidae (det. Sherman Moore) : Peronea ferrugana Schiff. 1, Jan. 25, 1944. 10 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '45 Notes on Fleas (Siphonaptera) in Nebraska * t By DORIS B. GATES, Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station In view of the fact that increased attention is being given various parasites, particularly their connection with diseases (endemic and introduced) it seems desirable to publish a list of the Nebraska fleas now in the collection maintained by the University of Nebraska Department of Entomology. Since relatively little work has been done on ectoparasites in Ne- braska, this list may be only a small percentage of the species present in the state. Towns are Nebraska towns; names of collectors are in parentheses. Ccdiopsylla (Accdiopsylla) inaequalis inaequalis (Baker) 1895. On Sylvilagus auditboni baileyi (Merriam), Harrisburg, May 7, 1942 (3??, 2 &?) (H. J. Hartley). On Cynomys liidovicianus liidovicianus (Ord), Crawford, June, 1944 (5) (H. J. Hartley). On Lepus townsendii campanius Hollister, Crawford, June, 1944 () (D. Gates). In house, Deweese, June 26, 1943 (?, J 1 ) (Mary Homolka) ; Lincoln, June 26, 1942 (6$$, 16 JcO (H. D. Tate) . In basement of house, Beatrice, Aug. 7. 1943 (8 $$) (Coll. ?). In house, Lincoln, June 11, 1944 (18$?, 3 d V) (D- Gates); June 15, 1944 (8??) (D. B. Whelan). On dog, Lincoln, June 23, 1944 (?) (D. Gates); Geneva, June 28, 1944 (2 ??, 1 cf) (H.D. Tate). On Geomys lutcsccns (Merriam), Craw- ford, Sept. 26, 1943 (2 ??, 1 ^) (H. J. Martley). On pocket gopher, Lincoln, Oct. 22, 1931 (3$?, 1 ^) (Coll. ?). Hoplopsyllus (Euhoplopsyllus} affinis (Baker) 1904. On rabbit, Roca, Oct. 31, 1915 (?) (G. H. Kohls). On Sylvilagits floridaniis mcarnsi (Allen), Lincoln, March 27, 1944 (5?$. 1 J>) ; April 25, 1944 (2?$, 2^) ; Union, May 7, 1944 (?) (D. Gates). On Lcpus tou'iiseiidii caiiipanins Hollister, Hunt- ley, August 8, 1944 (1 ?, 2J^) (D. Gates). Reported from Nebraska by Jellison (1940). 12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '45 Nearctopsylla genalis genalis (Baker) 1904. On Scalopus aquaticus machrinoides Jackson, Louisville, Dec. 2, 1943 (2 $$, 2 &?) (D. Gates). Nosopsylla jasciatus (Bosc) 1801. Questionably recorded on rat by Swingle (1911). Orchopeas howardii (Baker) 1895. On fox squirrel, Lin- coln, Jan. 19, 1901 (3 $$) (M. A. Carriker, Jr.) ; Dec. 1, 1890 (3 $$, 1 oT 3 3^'u cu cu - _Q en en "7- 03 o3 _ J.lzl *-" + N rt oj C ZZ fe . . 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Check List of the Diurnal Lepidoptera of Boreal America. Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci., 25 : 5. 6. HOLLAND, W. J., 1930. Papilio ponceana. Ann. Carnegie Mus., 19: 191. 7. HOLLAND, W. J., 1931. Papilio ponceanus. The Butterfly Book, 2nd Ed., p. 318, PI. 70, Fig. 10. 8. BATES, M., 1934. Papilio ponceana. Ent. News, 45 : 167. 9. McDuNNOUGH, J. H., 1938. Check List of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America. Part I, p. 5, No. 14 (Mem. Calif. Acad. Sci.). 10. GRIMSHAWE, MRS. F. M., 1940. Place of Sorrow. Nature Mag., 33: 565. The Feeding Habits of Uranotaenia lowii Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) CHARLES L. REMINGTON, 1 Medical Department, Army of the United States The host preferences of mosquitoes important to man as car- riers of pathogenic organisms have long been investigated. However, several large genera and parts of others are not known to include disease vectors, and little dependable informa- tion on these mosquitoes exists. Instead, many casual notes have appeared, containing presumed or suspected facts. The genus Uranotaenia L.-Arr. stands out among the neglected groups, and the present paper deals with a species of that genus. 1 1 am grateful to Mr. M. Graham Netting of the Carnegie Museum for identification of the amphibians mentioned in this paper ; to Mr. Robert Alrutz for obtaining these determinations from Mr. Netting and for rec- ords of U. louni biting in the field; and to my many entomological as- sociates for helpful suggestions during the preparation of the manuscript. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Over twenty species of Uranotaenia are known from British India, and yet the knowledge of their bionomics was summar- ized by Barraud (1934) thus: "Little is known of the habits of the adults; they do not appear to attack man to any extent.' Edwards (1941) in his classic study of African culicines dis- cusses 25 species and 5 varieties of Uranotaenia. He states: "Little is known of the habits of adult members of this genus. None of the African species has been observed to suck blood ..." A clue to the feeding habits of one species is found by Davis and Philip (1931). In Africa precipitin tests were made with 66 U. anniilata Theob. with antihuman and anti-chicken sera. All were negative for human blood, and 7 were positive for chicken blood. These writers state that : "The Uranotaenia were poorly blooded on the whole ; the samples were small and considerably altered in most cases." This host indication for U. annulata awaits confirmation by observations. Uranotaenia sapphirina (O.-S.) and U. lowii Theob. are the representatives of the genus in the eastern half of the United States. In correspondence, Mr. G. H. Bradley has informed me : "I have observed both of these species to alight on man and move around as if preparing to bite, however, no piercing of the skin ever was noted and it appeared as if they were merely lapping up perspiration." Rozeboom (1942) writes: "Rarely they were observed biting a horse or man" in Oklahoma. Heaclley (1921) believes that sapphirina does not take blood. Dyar (1922) relates that: "While every attempt possible was made to try to get females to suck blood, the writer has never observed a single one biting." A contradictory statement ap- pears in his later work (1928), when he states: "The adults will bite under favorable conditions but are very seldom met with." Even less is written about U. loivii. Hinman (1935) finds that : "Under no conditions have they been induced to suck blood." King, Bradley, and McNeel (1939) concisely con- clude : "The adults are rarely seen and are not known to bite humans." Theobald (1903) quotes Hewlett, who, in a state- ment of questionable accuracy, reports U. lowii rare in Trinidad and biting (man) severely. 34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '45 The first known observation of Uranotaenia lozvii taking blood was made in August, 1944, during general insect collecting at lights near New Orleans, Louisiana. It was feeding on a tree frog (Hyla c'merca) under a light. In order to obtain further information on the host preferences, a series of biting tests was undertaken in the laboratory. U. lozvii was very abundant and provided adequate living material for the investigations. Am- phibians and reptiles were plentiful and those used for study were collected during field trips. All mosquitoes and hosts used were taken near Harahan, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, and all biting tests were made there. EQUIPMENT AND METHODS The U. lowii females desired for the tests were collected at lights. The mosquitoes were taken alive into the laboratory and their identity checked with the aid of a dissecting micro- scope. The presence of white distal segments on the hind tarsi and the absence of blue-purple iridescence on the mid-mesonotal longitudinal line easily separate U. lozvii from the other Louisi- ana species of Uranotaenia, U. sapphirlna. The latter occurred in the same area where U. lozvii was being collected, but none was found at light in the vicinity of the laboratory. About one mile to the east, beside the Mississippi River, the two species were taken in a light trap in nearly equal numbers. Male lozvii were rare at light. The cage used for the biting tests was a one-foot cube with a solid wood bottom and sides of 16-mesh hardware cloth fastened to a wooden frame. To observe biting mosquitoes a Spencer binocular microscope was used with a 9 X eyepiece and 1 X, 2 X, and 3 X objectives in a revolving mount. The barrels of the instrument were lifted from the upright of the frame of the microscope, and manual support and focussing, rather than mechanical, had to be used. The objective could then be brought as near the side of the cage as desired. Objects more than four inches from the objective were out of focus. Conse- quently, the animals being tested had to be near the side of the cage. They were placed in the cage through the cloth sleeve Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 35 and were placed near the side and allowed to become quiet before mosquitoes were introduced. U. lowii showed no desire to feed under a direct light. A cloth placed to reduce the amount of illumination entering the cage diffused the light, and the mosquitoes quickly flew to the lower part of the cage and discovered any hosts present. Once an individual had begun to feed, the cloth could be removed without interrupting the process. BITING HABITS OBSERVED The mosquitoes, if placed with an unattractive animal, gave it no attention at any time. On the other hand, when a suitable host was present, U. lowii quickly showed interest, and some soon began to feed. Usually the tiny culicines did not fly to the body of the host. Most often, they lit on the floor near the animal and walked toward it. On contacting the animal, U. lowii placed the front legs and proboscis against the host, rested on the front and middle legs, and slowly, alternately rotated the elevated, white-footed hind legs. As many as five minutes were consumed in tapping over an area of the skin with the flexible proboscis. During the process, some individuals moved up onto the body of the host, although most remained on the floor. The tapping seemed to be the means of locating the most super- ficial capillaries of the host. 2 At length, the mosquito inserted the proboscis and began feeding in the above-described position, leaning forward against the host and continuing to rotate the hind legs. This practice of resting beside the host, rather than on it, while feeding, though common with U. lowii, must be somewhat unusual. With most Uranotaenia lowii females captured for use in the biting tests, the abdomen contained varying amounts of a pale yellow fluid, possibly a plant juice. Some with distended ab- domens took a blood meal as readily as those only slightly fed. One of the first U. lou'ii whose feeding was watched was full of 2 However, Gordon and Lumsden (1939) believe, from their observa- tions of Aedes aegypti (L.), that at least the fascicle of the proboscis is incapable of sensing the location of blood vessels. 36 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '45 the pale liquid before being placed with a toad. It fed unusually long, and after about five minutes it began issuing tiny drops of the fluid from its anus. For fully ten minutes these fell, ap- parently forced out by the blood entering the stomach as the mosquito continued to feed. When the proboscis was with- drawn, the stomach was red and greatly distended. It may be that U. lowii takes the juices for its own sustenance, but re- quires blood to produce eggs ; in which case, when a blood meal is secured, the less valuable plant juices or animal excretions are forced out. HOST PREFERENCES Homo sapiens L. Twelve female Psorophora confinnis (L.- Arr.) and twenty female Uranotaenia lozvii were placed in the cage and the writer's bare arm was thrust in through the sleeve. The P. confinnis quickly attacked the arm. The U. lowii rested as readily on the arm as on parts of the cage, but none evidenced any desire to feed on man. A few minutes later these lowii fed on a toad. Terrapene Carolina (L.). Ten U. lozvii were introduced into the cage with the tortoise. None had tried to feed after 30 minutes. Then ten more were added. During the next 30 minutes none of the twenty fed. At the same time ten U. lozvii were placed with two Bitfo valliceps in a cage under similar conditions. Several of the U. lozvii immediately approached the toads and were soon feeding. Their lack of response to the presence of the tortoise was clear, while they fed normally on a known host. Lciolopisma laterale (Say). Twenty U. lowii were placed in the cage with three of these Ground Lizards, which are very nu- merous in southern Louisiana. No lizards had been attacked after 100 minutes. Ten lowii were simultaneously released into a similar cage containing two toads, and as in all other controls used, the lozvii fed eagerly on the toads. This test was twice repeated with the same results. Anolis carolincnsis Voigt. On three separate occasions twenty U. lozvii were placed in a cage with an American Chameleon, for periods varying from 45 to 100 minutes, and no Ivi, '45 J ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 37 desire to bite was shown by the mosquitoes. The toads in the nearby cage were readily attacked in each of these tests. Rana sphenocephala (Cope). A single U. loivii was taken feeding on the amphibian under field conditions, but no labora- tory tests were made with this Southern Leopard Frog. Hyla c. cinerea (Schneider). U. loivii were collected in the field feeding on this common tree frog on two occasions. Five large H. cinerea were placed in the cage and twenty U. loivii females were introduced with them. Some difficulty was ex- perienced when the tree frogs ate five of the twenty mosquitoes, but the latter avoided the attention of the amphibians after be- coming accustomed to the cage. Within 30 minutes all of the surviving mosquitoes had approached the Hylae, and at least three had fed to repletion. The thigh of the hind legs of the frogs was the object of all observed feedings. Several U. loivii flew to a patch of urine discharged by a Hyla, and some seemed to feed briefly on the fluid. Twelve Psorophora confinnis in- troduced with the U. loivii showed no desire to feed on the am- phibians, and rested most of the time on the ceiling of the cage. (See below under Bit jo valliceps for further notes on H\la.) Bufo valliceps Weigmann. One U. loivii was collected in the field from this, the Mexican Toad, and several were seen biting the species on another occasion. This species was clearly a favorite host of U. loivii in southern Louisiana. In the labora- tory ten female loivii were placed in a cage containing two small Bufo valliceps and an equal-sized Hyla cinerea. After 75 minutes the ten U. loivii were collected in a chloroform tube and examined. Eight had taken blood meals in the cage. The Hyla was carefully watched throughout the 75 minutes, and only one loivii fed on it. Therefore, seven of the eight which took blood meals preferred the two Bufo to the H\la. These Uranotacnia seemed to evidence such a preference for B. val- liceps that the toad was used as the comparison species in the controls run with the tests on other animals. These controls are mentioned under foregoing species. (To be continued] 38 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '45 Statement on DDT by the American Association of Economic Entomologists At the annual meetings of the two national entomological societies in New York, December 13-15, 1944, most of the papers and discussions involved recent experimental work with DDT. At the end of the meet- ings the American Association of Economic Entomologists adopted the following statement to summarize the results of various research projects and to correct "misunderstanding, over-optimism and distorted impres- sions." This statement seems of sufficient general interest to repeat in full here. THE EDITORS. "We feel that never in the history of entomology has a chemi- cal been discovered that offers such promise to mankind for relief from his insect problems as DDT. There are limitations and qualifications, however. "Subject to these, this promise covers three chief fields: pub- lic health, household comfort, and agriculture. As public health we include control of the insects which carry diseases that have scourged humanity, such as malaria, typhus and yellow fever. Household comfort is taken to cover such things as flies, fleas, bedbugs and mosquitoes. Agriculture includes not only farms, gardens and orchards but forests, livestock and poultry. "In the public health field DDT insecticides are so much more effective than previous weapons against malaria mosquitoes that for the first time there is a practical hope for eradicating that disease from this country. DDT proved in Italy that it is the first and only practical control for typhus. In the household field its amazing lasting effect promises relief for months from flies, mosquitoes and fleas. In the case of bedbugs, eradication from the American home has become a possibility. "In agriculture, it is promising against a wide variety of de- structive pests. These include most potato insects, many orchard and vineyard pests, numerous vegetable insects, as well as the chief insect enemies of vitally important seed crops. It appears to be effective against the pink bollworm and outstand- ing against the Japanese beetle, two of our worst imported pests. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Jt promises also a more practical control of the pests which ravage thousands of square miles of forest, and against many of those which harass livestock. "DDT will not kill all the important insect pects. It will kill many beneficial insects which are allies of mankind against the destructive species. Because of its toxicity to a wide variety of insects, its large-scale use might create problems which do not now exist. To illustrate, it is a superior insecticide for con- trol of codling moth on apples, but in some sections at least will kill certain natural enemies and thus release other insects which may then become major problems. "The research reports emphasize that we have not had time to develop entirely satisfactory mixtures and dosages of DDT insecticides, nor the method and timing of application for many possible uses. Modern agricultural pest control often requires mixing several materials in combination treatments, and we know little of DDT's compatibility with many of these others. Researches thus far were made with a material which was pro- duced under pressure for military needs, and which is not neces- sarily the best form for agriculture. "We do not know enough about effects on plants, animals and soils. While most plants were not harmed by DDT in- secticides in the experiments, injury to squash, corn, tomatoes and possibly fruit trees was reported. DDT is toxic to animal life when large amounts are taken internally or absorbed through the skin from oil solutions, but reports indicate a reasonable margin of safety. In the light of our present knowledge, heavy deposits on edible parts of plants should be avoided. Reports show definite toxicity to cold-blooded animal life including fish and frogs. There has not been time to learn the possible cumulative effects on soils. "More and larger-scale experimentation is needed. Enough DDT for such research in 1945 should be provided." 40 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '45 Raids of Formica sanguinea Latr. (Hym., Formicidae) * W. V. BALDUF, University of Illinois During the years 1938, 1940 and 1944, I took advantage of chance opportunities to observe twelve raids by four separate colonies of the red slave ant, Formica sanguinea Latr. found on the University campus at Urbana. The identity of the sub- species of sanguinea and the ants raided by them in this area is suggested in the studies made by Smith (1927). He estab- lished that subspecies rubicunda Emery and subintegra Emery occur here, the former common, and that they pillaged the larvae and pupae, chiefly of Formica fusca subsericea Say, but also raided the nests of F. neogogates Em. and, in one case, that of Aphacnogaster julva Roger. Concerning the latter ant, Smith remarked "the brood they (sanguinea) pillage must be eaten shortly afterwards for no one has yet observed a mixed colony of these Myrmicine and Formicine ants." My contribution on sanguinea is divided into two parts, first an account of a raid observed on July 4, 1944, and second, a number of observations on diverse activities. I discovered the above mentioned raid in progress near Mc- Kinley Hospital at 4:15 P.M. The line of scurrying red work- ers had not yet reached the fusca nest when I came upon it. Without delay they plunged into the entrances and in a very short time the advance individuals reappeared with booty in their jaws and sped on the homeward trip. In a later phase of the first round trip, many of the advanced pillagers had already borne their jitsca captives home and descended into their sub- terranean nest, while the hinder part of the column was still ap- proaching home. Then several minutes passed in which it seemed the raid was about to end ; where upon the reds again poured from their nest in numbers as large as those that made the first trip I observed. These traversed precisely the same 1 Contribution Number 243 from the entomological laboratories of the University of Illinois. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 41 course and entered the same fusca nest as before. The last individuals to leave the pillaged nest on the second observed trip carried no fuscas in their jaws. No evidence of a third assault was seen, hence the raided colony appeared to have lost its entire population of larvae and pupae to their marauding relative. Although only two round trips were observed, it is possible that the raiders had already completed one or more in- vasions before I came on the scene. This possibility is sug- gested by the fact that the entrances were not plugged, so the reds entered without delay on the first observed trip. The distance covered in the two trips was around 636 feet, and the total traveling time was approximately 115 minutes. On this basis, the average speed was about 5.5 feet per minute. The raiding workers pressed on at a maximum rate at all times. They crossed a varied terrain that included a short-cut lawn, a concrete walk, a stretch of crushed gravel and a debris-covered woods floor. Now and then an individual left the main trail but promptly rejoined the racing column after a brief lateral run. By taking a fixed position along the trail I was able to count 1281 immature fuscas carried from their nest. The individuals removed consisted of a few callows and many pupae and larvae, the latter representing various sizes or instars. In general the pupae and larger larvae were transported in the earlier phase of the raid. Toward the end of the second round, many reds bore larvae so small it was not always easy to determine whether they carried booty. However, pupae still appeared in small num- bers even near the end of the raid. Since the large majority of the ants carried fuscas, the raiding army is estimated to have numbered approximately 650 workers. In the instance reported by Parker, the sanguineas transported about 12,800 immature fuscas in a total working time of 18 hours distributed over three consecutive days in August. Diverse Activities of F. sanguined At 5 :30 P.M. of July 24, 1938, more than 100 red workers of a colony near the Old Agricultural Building were seen milling 42 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '45 excitedly over the site of a fusca nest. This delay in entering the nest may have been due to obstructing plugs which fusca was found by Talbot and Kennedy to insert into the entrances. In late afternoon of July 19, 30 workers of the same colony were discovered spreading in an irregular and, it seemed, plan- less manner from their nest site. This activity probably rep- resented exploration for fusca nests to be raided later. This colony plundered a nest of fusca only eight feet from its home site on July 29. There seemed to be but one entrance to the black nest, and its size did not permit the reds to enter and emerge simultaneously. When a red worker appeared at the exit from within the nest, she pushed her captive fusca larva or pupa partly out through the hole. At this instant, the captive was seized, or possibly stolen, by another worker waiting out- side, which then carried the fusca home. This performance was seen to occur several times. In the scheme of sanguinea, the worker is believed usually to do its part in a raid without such aid. About 650 red workers of the same colony took part in a raid observed on July 24. On the basis of partial counts, I con- cluded only 30 to 40 per cent of this number found fuscas to carry home. Similarly low per cents of the workers returned home without booty also on other occasions. Because the red nest was situated only five to 20 feet from the fusca nests known to be invaded, these probably suffered repeated raids that kept their populations reduced to small numbers. The black adults offered only slight, if any, direct resistance to the observed on- sets of the reds. Upon depositing their captives in the subterranean chambers of their nests, some of the red workers reappeared, in a few in- stances, above the nest site and gathered in small knots among the grasses and a foot or so toward the location of the fitsca nest lately raided. In 15 or 20 minutes, these groups dissolved and the ants returned into the nest. Are such reappearances to be interpreted as incipient second raids ? Had these ants met with other workers still returning home with booty, would they have made another trip to the fusca nest? Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 43 On August 7, 1938, I discovered an army of red workers loitering and roaming aimlessly over a lawn at Lafayette, Illi- nois. Their nest was adjacent to the foundation of a house, whose owner had poured hot water on the nest three days earlier. Presumably the reds were out on a raid at the time the nest received this treatment, and were now a homeless wandering band. At one time in the afternoon, they milled slowly near the old nest site, and later were seen travelling in- differently away in a loose file, following a path over which I had seen a red colony make a normal raid in 1935. Kennedy states the flight time of sariguinea has varied, ac- cording to recorded cases, from about July 6 to August 3. I saw three winged adults crawling over the site of the colony at the Old Agricultural Building at 2:00 P.M. of July 22, 1938. They were accompanied by four apterous reds and a larger number of worker fuscas. The earliest observed raids of the summer were made on July 4 and 5, 1944, and the latest on September 3, 1940. In- variably the raids occurred on warm sunny days. The nests were situated in regularly-mowed lawns and in direct sunlight. LITERATURE CITED EIDMANN, H. Die Koloniegriindung der cinhcimischen Ameisen. Zeitschr. Vergl. Physiologic, 3, 803-816, 1926. GOETSCH, W. and BR. KATIINER. Die Kolonic-griimlung der Formicinon und ih re experimentelle Beeinfliissung. Zcitsclir. Morph. u. Okol. Tiere, 33, 201-206, 6 figs., 1937. PARKER, G. H. The numbers of ants in ant colonies. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 35, 3, 363-365, 1942. SMITH, M. R. Ants of a typical middle-western city, 1927. Unpublished Thesis, University of Illinois, Urbana. TALBOT, MARY and C. H. KENNEDY. The slave-making ant. Formica sanguined subintcgra Emery, its raids, nuptual flights and nest structure. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 33, 3, 560-577, 1 table, 3 plates, 1940. 44 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '45 The Mechanics of Digestion in the Calliphorid Flies CYRIL E. ABBOTT, Washington, D. C. The first thorough description of the digestive system of the Calliphoridae was made by Lowne, who, in 1890, published a two volume work on Calliphora crylhrocephala. Recently (1934) Graham-Smith has treated the same subject in even greater detail. Wigglesworth, both in a separate paper (1929) and in his recent book on insect physiology (1940) has also discussed this matter, especially with reference to the function of the proventriculus. Others who have contributed to the discussion are Hewitt (1907), Giles (1906), Patton and Cragg (1913), Patton and Evans (1929) and Snodgrass (1944). The bulk of the present paper has been drawn from the work of the authors cited. Some observations of my own on Lit cilia sericata and Cynomyia cadavcrina have also contributed to this discussion. The digestive system of the calliphorid flies is one of the most specialized groups of organs known. Food is ingested, most of it in a liquid form, into a thin-walled tube which extends from the tip of the proboscis to the proximal part of the abdomen, within which it is expanded to form a bilobed pouch capable of considerable distension. This organ, the crop, is exclusively a storage place for ingested food. Near the anterior wall of the thorax the oesophagus bifur- cates: the ventral branch being that continuous with the crop, the dorsal passing almost immediately into the proventriculus. Posterior to the proventriculus the digestive tube exhibits a narrow constriction, then widens into the mid-intestine. The anterior portion of this mid-gut, which is also its widest part, lies in the thorax, but it continues into the abdomen where it is much coiled. As in other insects, its posterior termination is marked by the attachment of malpighian tubules : four of them in this case. The anterior two-thirds of the mid-intestine is is much narrower than the mid-gut, but posteriorly it expands Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 45 to form the rectal sack, a peculiar structure which narrows posteriorly until it terminates in the anus. Before considering the functions of these various parts it is necessary to call attention to some details of structure. Dor- sally a short band of muscle connects the proventriculus with the anterior wall of the thorax. The paired salivary glands, which are long, coiled, and very delicate, are attached to the sides of the proventriculus. The structure of the proventriculus is too complex for analysis here, but essentially it consists of an invaginated plug perforated by the lumen of the dorsal branch of the oesophagus, and an outer wall which is heavily muscular. The anterior portion of the mid-gut appears almost nodular as a result of the fact that the muscular layer forms a reticulum with recangular interstices through which the epithelial lining protrudes. Posteriorly the muscular layer becomes practically continuous so that the outer wall is smooth. About mid-way of the narrow part of the hind-gut is a valve bearing chitinous spines. The rectal sacks bears four invaginated rectal papillae of considerable complexity and richly supplied with tracheae. Since the oesophagus, crop, and proventriculus are of stomo- deal origin, they are lined with a chitinous intima which is con- tinuous with the exoskeleton of the fly. The intima which lines the oesophagus and crop, although very thin and capable of much extension, is practically impermeable, even to molecular solutions. This may be demonstrated by ligating the oesopha- gus just anterior to the crop when the latter is distended by a sugar solution imbibed by the fly. The excised organ may be immersed in distilled water for several days without exhibiting any shrinkage, and without successive samples of the water giving a positive test for sugar. An excised crop filled with water may be immersed in a molar solution of sodium chloride indefinitely without collapsing. The crop is obviously a stor- age organ only ; so far as absorption is concerned, any material it contains might just as well be outside of the body. Although efforts have been made to demonstrate that the proventriculus acts as a valve between the oesophagus and mid- 46 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '45 gut, both Graham-Smith and Wigglesworth are of the opinion that its sole function is that of forming the peritrophic mem- brane. That a peritrophic membrane exists, and that it is formed in the proventriculus there can be no doubt. This membrane, unlike that lining the crop, is highly permeable, and functions, probably, to protect the walls of the mid-gut from abrasion. A sphincter is present in the short, dorsal branch of the oesophagus just anterior to the proventriculus. I have ob- served this sphincter relax at irregular intervals, allowing the passage of material into the mid-gut. Two other oesophageal sphincters are present : one just anterior to the bifurcation, the other posterior to it in the wall of the oesophagus leading to the crop. By closing the valve on the dorsal branch food may be directed into the crop, or, by reverse peristalsis the fly may regurgitate liquid. Constriction of the valve just anterior to the bifurcation, with simultaneous relaxation of the other sphincters, allows food to pass from the crop to the mid-gut. Unlike those of the crop, the walls of the mid-gut are highly absorptive. This may be demonstrated by dissecting a fly which has fed on dyed sugar solution about twenty-four hours previously. The dyes (methylen blue or phenol red, usually) were often found concentrated in the crop, but never in the sur- rounding tissues : not only did they deeply color the walls of the mid-gut, but also the tissues adjacent to it. Whether it is because the anterior region of the mid-gut is more permeable than other parts, or because this part of the digestive tract is long, the dyes seldom reach the posterior part, and even when the anterior third is highly stained, the remain- ing portion is generally almost free from coloring matter. At the same time, the malpighian tubules and hind-gut may be deeply colored. This indicates that materials in excess, or which are incapable of being metabolized, are often absorbed from the mid-gut only to be deposited in the malpighian tubules. This is, of course, a substantiation of the renal function of the tubules. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 47 The function of the valve in the hind-gut is problematical. Graham-Smith cautiously suggests that it may destroy the remnants of the peritrophic membrane. Wiggelsworth considers the rectal papillae organs which ab- sorb excess water from the gut, but Graham-Smith doubts this. Another suggestion is that the papillae may oxidize toxic ma- terials. This conclusion is wholly suppositive, and is based upon the rich tracheal supply of the papillae. In a living fly the digestive organs are in constant motion. The lobes of the crop contract in rhythmic alternation. Waves of contraction pass anteriorly along the oesophagus from the crop to the proventriculus, which expands at intervals, usually concomitantly with the adjacent sphincter. Thus food passes into the mid-gut, along which waves of contraction pass pos- teriorly. A reverse peristalsis in the narrower part of the hind- gut probably serves to open the valve there. Strong, but ir- regular contractions occur in the rectal sack. Their effect is to move the rectal papillae inward and backward and then in a reverse direction, not synchronously, but cyclically. LITERATURE CITED GILES, 1906. Jour. Trop. Med. 9 : 99. GRAHAM-SMITH, D. S., 1934. Parasitol. 26: 176-236. HEWITT, C. G., 1907. Quart. Jour. Micros. Soc. 51 : 395-484. LOWNE, B. T., 1890. The Blowfly, Calliphora erythrocephala. PATTON, W. S., and E. W. CRAGG, 1913. Textbook of Medical Entomol- ogy. London. PATTON, W. S., and E. M. EVANS, 1929. Insects, Ticks, Mites and Venemus Animals. H. R. Grubb, Croyden. SNODGRASS, R. E., 1944. Smithsonian Miscl. Coll., vol. 104, no. 7, pp. 1- 113. WIGGLESWORTH, V. B., 1929. Parasitol. 21 : 288-321. , 1940. The Principles of Insect Physiology. E. P. Button, New York. 48 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '45 The Collection of Eggs of Aeschna multicolor (Hagen) PAUL C. WILBUR, San Jose, California As pointed out by Tillyard l and others, tbe rounded eggs of exophytic species of Odonata are easily collected. On the other hand, eggs of endophytic species have been laboriously ob- tained by examining masses of water weeds or by watching individual females in the act of ovipositing, and later taking the particular stem in which the eggs are observed to have been deposited. A much simpler method has been developed by the writer as the result of a chance observation in 1943. During a casual stroll in the latter part of August in Pacific Grove, a copulating pair of A. multicolor were captured by hand and without in- jury. No papers being at hand, the separated individuals were placed in separate breast pockets of a loosely woven shirt. About fifteen minutes later it was noticed that the pocket con- taining the female glistened with about thirty eggs which had been oviposited through the cloth. To obtain further eggs, a glass bowl full of tap water was covered with a piece of dish toweling, and the female held by the wing bases so that the tip of the abdomen was brought in contact with the wet towel. A large number of eggs were de- posited through the cloth so that they were attached to the cot- ton fibers on the under side of the cloth by the pedicel and projected into the water at nearly right angles to the plane of the cloth. Nearly all of these eggs hatched between the 10th and llth day. During the summer of 1944, another copulating pair of A. multicolor was captured with a net. A modified procedure for obtaining eggs was developed which may have general applica- tion to endophytic species of Odonata, although it has not been tried on Zygoptera. The method may not be applicable to those species which remain paired during oviposition. 1 Tillyard, R. J. The Biology of Dragonflies. 1917. Ivi, '45 J ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 49 Construct an open-ended non-corrosive metal cylinder of slightly smaller outside diameter than the inside diameter of the vessel in which it is to be suspended. Cover the lower end of the cylinder with a piece of soft loosely woven cotton cloth. Three or four pins may be soldered onto the outside of the cylinder to support it in the vessel. Pour in tap water until the water level in the vessel is established at about % inch above the cloth. Clip both pairs of wings of the captured female at about the level of the arculus with a pair of sharp scissors. Most Odonata can fly with all four wings clipped at the nodus. Place the fe- male on the wet cloth. The diameter of the cylinder should be great enough so that freedom of movement is provided. The vertical walls of the metal cylinder must be high enough to pre- vent escape from the cloth surface. The 1944 specimen of A. multicolor treated in this manner deposited several dozen eggs, the majority of which hatched in from 14 to 20 days. Unfortunately, the emergence of the pronymph was not ob- served in either of these cases. There seemed to be no effect on the success of emergence whether the cloth with attached eggs was maintained horizontal with eggs above or below, or with the cloth vertical. Eggs were laid in a formless pattern, sometimes singly, and at others in compact groups. The reason for the difference in hatching rate between the 1943 and the 1944 pair is not known. Possibly it is related to water temperature. Tillyard (loc. cit.) states that decaying vegetable matter is essential to the rearing of eggs. In both the collections herein described, ordinary city water was used. There was a slight amount of mold growth among the latest hatching eggs, and some may have been killed, but there was a high percentage of emergence. The larvae were active and fed readily on para- mecium. It would appear to be advisable to boil the cloth used, to re- move any soluble material which would support mold growth. and to avoid cloth which has been starched or "sized." 50 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '45 Notes and News in Entomology Under this heading we present from time to time short reviews, notes, news and comments on entomology throughout the world. Contribu- tions from readers are solicited and will be acknowledged when used. We commonly think of complete digestion occurring in the lumen of the alimentary tract before absorption into the blood. But this is not necessarily the case, and in some cases it seems possible that even proteins may be absorbed unchanged or in various states of degradation both in insects and mammals. It is well known that numerous pigments occur in insects, and in at least some cases these would seem to be absorbed essen- tially as found. Lederer * in reviewing the distribution of pig- ments in invertebrates lists carotenoids, quinones, melanins, pterines, flavons (xanthones), bile pigments and chlorophyll derivatives as being found in insects. Although some of these may be formed by the insects, certainly a number of them are obtained from the food. For instance, chrysine (the yellow pigment of beeswax) is found in several plant resins and is probably derived directly therefrom by the bees. 2 And it is well known that the blood of certain caterpillars becomes colored from absorbed chlorophyll. Particularly favorable material for the study of such absorp- tion is supplied by the blood-sucking insects in which a large part of the ingested protein consists of hemoglobin. Wiggles- worth 3 has recently presented a detailed analysis of the fate of hemoglobin in the blood-sucking tropical bug Rhodnius proli.i'its and a preliminary survey of it in various other blood-sucking arthropods. Wigglesworth finds by exacting microspectroscopic methods that most of the ingested hemoglobin is broken down in the lumen of the gut of Rhodnius, the globin being absorbed and used as food, the hematin being excreted as protohematin. But a small amount seems to be absorbed into the blood with- Rev., 15: 273-306. 1940. See also F. Mayer, The Chemistry of Natural Coloring Matters, 354 pp., Reinhold Publ. Corp., N. Y., 1943. 2 R. Barre, Rev. Can. d. Biol., 1 : 485-490. 1942. Proc. Roy. Soc., 131B: 313-339. 1943. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NliWS 51 out digestion and circulates as kathemoglohin or some spectro- scopically similar form. This circulating form of hemoglobin is taken up by the salivary glands and also by the yolk of develop- ing eggs, both of which become colored red. Some is also taken up by the pericardial cells or nephrocytes, by the epi- thelial cells of the stomach and intestine, and on injection also by the Malpighian tubules. In these cells the red pigment is subsequently changed to brown, then green (verdohem?) and finally to the bile pigment biliverdin. The pericardial cells be- come bright green. The gut cells excrete the biliverdin, but free iron accumulates in these cells so that in old insects they are heavily laden with iron deposits. The story is not the same for all blood-sucking arthropods. Wigglesworth reports that mosquitos and fleas do not absorb any of the blood pigments. They digest the hemoglobin almost completely and leave only a small residue of black protohematin in the feces. In lice (Pcdicidns}, the bedbug (Chne.v), various other Hemiptera, and ticks (I.vodcs, Ornlthodonis) varying amounts of pigments are absorbed but in no other species so readily as in Rhodnius proli.vus. The bedbug and ticks break the absorbed pigment down to protohematin ; only the louse and triatomids carried the breakdown on to the formation of bile pigments. Only in Rhodnins and Cimcx do the salivary glands become colored red, and only in Pcdiculus and Rhodnius is hemoglobin transferred to the developing eggs. These data on hemoglobin breakdown reemphasizc the im- portance of the nephrocytes and especially the epithelial cells of the gut in the intermediary metabolism of insects. In passing we might remind readers that the loss of all of the hematsin would mean losing only 6% of the weight of the hemoglobin because approximately 94% of the weight of the molecule is in the readily utilizable globin. The fate of the hematsin part of the molecule is therefore likely not of great importance to the insect's economy. Aside from these data presented by Wigglesworth, and the hemoglobins or erythrocruorins found as functional respiratory s in some chironomid larvae, hemoglobin has been re- 52 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '45 ported from a peculiarly sporadic listing of species. It is re- ported in Gastrophilns and certain aquatic Hemiptera (Bucnoa, Anisops and Macrocorixa). In all of these, with the excep- tion of the modified hemoglobin of chironomid larvae, the pig- ment seems to be a functionless inclusion derived from the blood of the host or prey. This explanation is least probable in Macrocorixa which is mainly, but not solely, herbivorous. A. G. RICHARDS, JR. Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the current or preceding year unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installment. For records of Economic Literature, see the Eiperiment Station Record, Office of Ex- periment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. NOTE: The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper ap- peared, as numbered in the List of Journals given at the end of the literature. The num- ber of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keys are followed by (k); papers pertaining exclusively to Neo- tropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. GENERAL The status of names published as manu- script names [87] 1 : 103-14. Status of certain pre-Linnean names reprinted subsequent to 1757 [87] 1: 115-26. On the type of a genus "A" containing two sps. "Ab" and "Ac," where the generic name in question was published on, or before 31st Dec. 1930 [87] 1 : 127-38. Suspension of the rules for Vanessa Fab., 1807 [87] 2: 239-50. On the prin- ciples to be observed in interpreting Art. 8 of the Code in relation to the form in which gen. & subg. names are to be published [87] 3 : 13-24. August Busck, 1870-1944 Obitu- ary and bibliography by Heinrich and Loftin. [10] 46: 232-39, portrait. Brett, G. H. Electrically operated regu- lated humidity control. [12] 37: 552-53, ill. Brues, C. T. -Fluorescent staining of insect tissues. [68] 100: 55455. Essig, E. O. Needed changes in teaching entomology. (Editorial) [12] 37: 563-65. Frisch, K. v. Christian Kon- Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 53 rad Sprengels Blumentheorie vor 150 Jahre und Heute. [Naturwiss.] 31 : 223-29 (1943). Gressitt, J. L. Entomol- ogy in war-torn China. [68] 100: 519. Hatward, K. J.- Primera lista de insectos tucumanos perjudiciales. Primer Suppl. [Estacion Exper. Agr. Tucuman, Pub. Miscel.] 1944 (4) : 32 pp. Maurice Cole Tanquary, 1881-1944. Obit- uary by W. A. Riley. [68] 100 : 539-40. McCoy, O. R.- Malaria and the war. [68] 100: 535-39. Munger, F An adaptation of a thermograph to regulate variable tempera- ture. [12] 37: 554. Wadley & Wolfenbarger Regression of insect density on distance from center of dispersion as shown by a study of the smaller European bark beetle. [47] 69: 279-88. William, C. B. Some applications of the logarithmic series and the index of diversity to ecological problems. [Jour. Ecol.] 32: 1-44. William Williams Hen- derson, 1879-1944 Obituary. [68] 100: 583-84. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL Arthur, D. R. Aphidius granarius in relation to its control of Myzus kaltenbachi. [22] 35: 257-70, ill. (Braconid). Barnes, O. L. Feeding experiments with the range caterpillar egg parasite Anastatus semiflavidus. [12] 37: 544-45. Birch & Andrewartha The influence of drought on the survival of eggs of Austroicetes cruciata in S. Australia. [22] 35 : 243-50. Clarke, C. H. D. A positive pyrotropism (in horntails). [Canad. Field Nat.] 58: 142. Cornman, L- Effects of ether upon the development of Drosophila melanogaster. [23] 17: 367-77. David, Bracey & Harvey Equipment and method employed in breeding Aedes egypti for the biological assay of insecticides. [22] 35 : 227-30. Dethier, V. G. Observations on the life history of Cucullia asteroides (Noctuid). [4] 76: 161-62. Dowdy, W. W. The influence of temperature on verticle migra- tion of invertebrates inhabiting different soil types. [84] 25: 449-60. Evans, A. C. Observations on the biology and physiology of wireworms of the gen. Agriotes. [20] 31 : 235-49. Frisch, K. v. Versuche uber die Lekung des Bienenfluges durch Duftstoffe. [Naturwiss.] 31 : 445-60 (1943). Haardt, K. Uber die Auspragungsweise und Aus- pragungsbedingungen der Mutation kfl (Kruzfliigelig) bei Ephestia kuhniella. [Biolog. Zentralb.] 63: 478-87 (1943). Imms, A. D. On the constitution of the maxillae and labium of Mecoptera and Diptera. [53] 85: 73-96, ill. Kuhn & Engelhardt Uber zwei Entschuppung bewirkende Mutationen (Vi und cal) bei Ptychopoda seriata. [Biolog. 54 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '45 Zentralb.] 63: 470-78 (1943). McGovran, Yeager, Mayer & Munson. Effect of potassium fluoride and pyrethrum on Periplaneta americana after hemocytes are blocked with Chinese ink or nephrocytes are stained with trypan blue. [7] 37: 414-19, ill. Munson & Yeager. Fat inclusions in blood cells of the southern armyworm, Prodenia eridania. [7] 37: 396-400, ill. Noland, J.'L. Improved method for the determination of the lethal temperature of insects, with especial reference to studies on Periplaneta americana. [Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci.] 53: 186-87. Piepho, H. Wirk- stoffe in der Metamorphose von Schmetterlingen und an- deren Insekten. [Naturwiss.] 31: 329-35 (1943). Rib- bands, C. R. Influence of rainfall, tides and periodic fluc- tuations on a population of Anopheles melas. [22] 35 : 271-95. Robertson, F. W. Removal of insect pests from stored products by means of behavior stimuli. [22] 35 : 215-17. Slifer, E. H. Heal caeca in the Eumastacidae (Orthoptera). [7] 37: 441-46, ill. Simmonds, F. J.- Propagation of insect parasites on unnatural hosts. [22] 35: 219-26. Smith, F. Nutritional requirements of Cam- ponotus ants. [7] 37: 401-8. Vogt, M. Induktion von Metamorphoseprozessen durch implantierte Ringdriisen bei Drosophila. [Roux' Arch. f. Entwickl. des Organismen] 142: 131-82 (1942). Vogt, M. Zur Produktion gonado- tropen Hormones durch Ringdriisen des ersten Larven- stadiums bei Drosophila. [Biolog. Zentralb.] 63: 467-70 (1943). Wellington, W. G. Barotaxis in Diptera, and its possible significance to economic entomology. [31] 154: 671-72. Yeager & Munson Relation of dosage to survival time of arsenite-injected roaches. [68] 100: 501-03. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA Chamberlin & Ivie. Spiders of the Georgia Region of N. Amer. [Bull. Univ. Utah] 35: (9), 267 pp., ill. (*). Mello-Leitao, C. de. Comentarios a respeito da possivel filogenia dos opilioes. [15] 16: 197-209, ill. Robertson, P. L. Technique for biological studies of cheese mites. [22] 35: 251-55, ill. THE SMALLER ORDERS Borror, D. J. Additional notes on Erythrodiplax maculosa. [7] 37: 393-95, ill. Daggy, R. H. Two mayfly gynandromorphs. [10] 46: 256-59. Dos Santos, N. 'D. Description of the male of Erythrodiplax maculosa. [7] 37: 389-92, ill. Imms, A. D. -(See under anatomy.) Montgomery, B. E. Distribu- tion and relative seasonal abundance of the Indiana sps. of Agrionidae (Odonata) (Abstract). [Proc. Indiana Acad. Ivi, '45 J ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 55 Sci.] 53: 179-85. Wright, M. Some random observations on dragon fly habits with notes on their predaceousness on bees. [49] 19: 295-301. Taub, R. New No. Amer. fleas. [Zool. Ser. Field Mus. N. H.] 29: 211-20. ORTHOPTERA Birch & Andrewartha (See under Physiology.) Noland, J. L. (See under Anatomy.) Slifer, E. H. (See under Anatomy.) Williams, C. B.- (See under General.) HEMIPTERA Bugbee, R. E. Eleven n. sp. of Eury- toma from Mexico. [7] 37 420-38, ill. DeLong, D. M.- New gen. (Tenucephalus) and species of Mexican leafhop- per related to Parabolocratus. [43] 44: 236-37, ill. Essig, E. O. New aphid on guayule and notes on other species of Cerosipha. [Hilgardia] 16: 177-84, ill. Funkhauser, W. D. Some Venezuelan Membracidae. [18] 29: 193-94. Hungerford, H. B. Some Venezuelan aquatic Hemiptera. [18] 29: 129. Knull, D. J. Notes on leaf hoppers with de- scriptions. [43] 44: 239-42, ill. Lawson, C. A. Relation of hind tibial and sensoria to intermediacy in partheno- genetic aphids. [7] 37: 409-13. Muesebeck, C. F. W.- Genus Ollarianus in No. Amer., including Mexico (Cicadel). [91] 34: 391-98, ill. (*). Smith, R. H. Bionomics and control of the nigra scale, Saissetia nigra. [Hilgardia] 16: 225-88, ill. Usinger, R. L. Nomenclature of the genus Nysius and its allies (Lygaeid). [10] 46: 260-62. LEPIDOPTERA (See also under General.) Dethier, V. G. (See under Anatomy.) McDunnough, J. New microlepidoptera with notes (Eucosomid). [4] 76: 153- 56. Kuhn & Engelhardt (See under Physiology.) Mur- ray, D. Asymmetry. [21] 56: 109-11, ill. DIPTERA Alexander, C. P. New nearctic craneflies. Part XXI. [4] 76: 166-72. Burke, F. The brine fly. [The Microscope and Ent. Mo.] 5 : 238-40, ill. Crouzel, I. S. de First instar larva of Acridophaga caridei (Sarcoph). [10] 46: 239-46, ill. David, Bracey & Harvey (See under Physiology.) Dethier & Whitley Population studies of Florida mosquitoes. [12] 37: 480-84. Hull, F. M. Stud- ies on flower flies in the Vienna Mus. Nat. Hist. (Syrphid). [91] 34: 398-404 (S*). Imms, A. D. (See under Anat- omy.) Macfie, J. W. S. Ceratopogonidae collected in Trinidad from cacao flowers. [22] 35 : 297-300, ill. O'Neil, Ogden & Eyles Additional sps. of mosquitoes found in Texas. [12] 37: 555-56. Pryor & Chamberlain Differ- 56 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '45 entiating the larvae of Uranotaenia in the southwest. [12] 37: 543-44, ill. Quinby, Serfling & Neel Distribution and prevalence of mosquitoes in Kentucky. [12] 37: 547-50. Ribbands, C. R. (See under Physiology.) Trembley, H. L. Mosquito culture technique. [Mosquito News] 4: 103-19, ill. Yolles, Yolles & Byrd On the occurrence of Anopheles pessoai in Trinidad, B.W.I. [68] 100: 547-48. COLEOPTERA Blake, D. H. Notes on 5 West In- dian Chrysomelidae. [10] 46: 249-53, ill. (*). Evans, A. C. See under Physiology.) Hicks, S. D. Notes on some sps. of Coleoptera taken at Ojibway, Essex Co., Ontario. [4] 76: 163. Marshall, M. Y. New Tanaops from New Mexico with notes on the genus (Melyrid). [4] 76: 164- 66. Richter, H. R. Larvae and the ecology of beetles of the gen. Lampra (Buprestid). [64] 1944 (1) : 59-64 (Rus- sian. Engl. sum.). Wadley & Wolfenbarger (See under General.) HYMENOPTERA Banks, N. Psammocharidae taken at Kartabo and other localities in British Guiana. [18] 29: 97-112 (k to subfam. & gen.). Clancy, D. W. Biology of Allotropa burrelli (Serphoid), a gregarious parasite of Pseudocococcus comstocki. [47] 69: 159-67. Clarke, C. H. D. (See under Physiology.) Gregg, R. E. The ants of the Chicago region. [7] 37: 477-80, ill. (k). Rau, P. Nesting habits of the wasp Chlorion pennsylvanicum. [7] 37: 439-40. Smith, F. (See under Anat. & Phys.) Smith, M. R. Second sps. of Glamyromyrmex. [10] 46: 254-56, ill. Walley, G. S. Compoplegine notes and de- scriptions (Ichn). [4] 76: 157b-61. SPECIAL The Naturalist's Lexicon. By R. S. Woods. Abbey Garden Press. 1944, 282 pp. LIST OF JOURNALS CITED 4. Canadian Entomol. 7. Ann. Entom. Soc. America. 10. Proc. Entom. Soc. Washington. 12. Journal Eco- nomic Ent. 15. Anais Acad. Brasil. Cien., Rio. 18. Zoologica, New York. 20. Annals of Appl. Biology. 21. Entom. Record & Jour. Variation. 22. Bull. Entom. Research. 23. Physiological Zool. 31. Nature, London. 43. Ohio. Jour. Sciences. 47. Jour. Agr. Research. 53. Quart. Jour. Microscop. Sci. 68. Science, New York. 84. Ecology, Brooklyn. 87. Opinions and Declarations, Nat. Comm. Zool. Nomen. 91. Jour. Washington Acad. Sci. Literature for sale: Fifty years accumulation of Smithsonian, National and other museum, societies and other publication, in- cluding insects. Large library of books on travel, exploration, big game hunting, much natural history, in many lands. Price lists on request. J. Alden Loring, Box E-N, Owego, New This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Wanted Specimens of the genus Calendra (Sphenophorus) from North America. Will exchange Eastern U. S. Calendra or other Coleoptera for desired species. R. C. Casselberry, 302 Lincoln Avenue, Lansdowne, Penna. Coccinellidae wanted from all parts of the world, especially South and Central America. Buy or exchange. G. H. Dieke, 1101 Argonne Drive, Baltimore, Md. Coleoptera Will exchange mounted and labeled specimens from North America. All groups except Rhynchophora. G. P. Mac- kenzie, 1284 Sherwood Road, San Marino, Calif. Lepidoptera Should like to hear from collectors interested in species from central Alberta and Saskatchewan. Would collect other Orders. Paul F. Bruggemann, R. R. 1, Furness, Sask., Canada. Lampyridae of U. S. and Canada wanted from the South and West, especially Photinus and Pyractomena for revisional study. Buy or exchange. J. W. Green, R. D. 2, Easton, Pa. Lepidoptera Would like to exchange Californian butterflies, noc- tuids, geometrids, etc. for eastern specimens. Glenn E. Pollard, 500 Clark Drive, San Mateo, Calif. Lepidoptera Am still collecting here and have only fine specimens for exchange. H. W. Eustis, Woodbine Rd., Augusta, Ga. JUST PUBLISHED A CATALOGUE AND RECLASSIFICATION OF THE NEARCTIC ICHNEUMONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA) By HENRY K. TOWNES, JR. (Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, Number 11) The parasitic habits of this group of insects render them of great eco- nomic importance and biological interest, but because of the handicaps of an extremely scattered literature and confused taxonomy, a vast amount of preparation is required of the prospective worker, if his results are to be of lasting value. This catalogue is a coherent guide to the published information and thereby opens the field to more and a better class of research. It gives a more natural systematic arrangement than has previously been available, a bibliography, and a list of the host and parasites of the described ichneumon-flies which occur in America north of Mexico, complete through the year 1940. The price of this work, in two parts (about 800 pages), is $15.00 post- paid. Remittance should accompany order. Part I is ready for delivery and part II should be ready within the next three months but will be sent only when payment covering entire work has been received. Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $200 U. S. Currency. Foreign delivery $2.10. ' For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS DIV. INS. MARCH 1945 s HA Vol. LVI No. 3 CONTENTS Moul Notes on Arilus cristatus 57 Gillespie Odonata of Delaware Co., Penna 59 Remington Feeding habits of Uranotaenia lowii 64 Rau The Wasmann Collection of ants 69 Darlington Notes on some Microlepidoptera 70 Damerell A simple method for mounting Lepidoptera 74 Notes and News in Entomology 75 Types from New England Museum of Natural History 78 Book Review Conotrachelus by Schoof 78 Current Entomological Literature 79 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $3.00 domestic; $3.30 foreign; $3.15 Canada. Entered as second-class matter April 19, 1943, at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879. 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SEPARATES of articles without covers, without extraneous matter, will be furnished by the printer at the following prices: 1-4 pages, 25 copies, $2.50; 50 copies, $2.50; 100 copies, $3.00. 5-8 pages, 25 copies, $4.00; 50 copies, $4.00; 100 copies, $4.75. 9-12 pages, 25 copies, $6.25; 50 copies, $6.25; 100 copies, $7.25. Covers: first 50. $2.75; additional at 2 cents each. Plates, printed on one side: first 50, $2.00; additionals at 1V& cents each. Transportation charges will be extra. THE LANCASTER PRESS, INC., Lancaster, Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LYI MARCH, 1945 Xo. 3 Notes on Arilus cristatus (Linnaeus) in York County, Pennsylvania and on its Prey (Heteroptera : Reduviidae) EDWIN T. MOUL, York, Pennsylvania While collecting insects during the summers of 1943 and 1944 I have noticed an increase in the local population of the reduviid, Arihts cristatus (Linnaeus) commonly known as the Wheel-bug. As specimens were observed in the field, daily notes were made. An attempt was made to collect all feeding specimens with their prey. These specimens were mounted one above the other on the same pin for further study. I have collected Wheel-bugs in York County, Pennsylvania since 1933, but only a few specimens each year. These were taken chiefly in the wooded areas of the Susquehanna river hills and the Conewago Creek. They were rare enough for me to collect each specimen seen. I have one specimen for 1933, 2 for 1934 and 2 for 1938. In 1942 these insects first appeared in gardens in central York County, frequently enough to have my attention called to them by neighbors and interested citizens. I have a specimen taken on August 22, 1942 which was feeding on a Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newn.). Egg masses were common during the winters of 1943 and 1944. Hexagonal clusters of from 75 to 150 eggs were found on trunks of white pines, branches of apple trees, one on the branch of a quince tree, one on the trunk of a chestnut oak, sev- eral on the undersurfaces of cherry limbs and on sides of grape vines. Most of these egg masses were within four (4) feet of (57) 58 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '45 the ground, but placed with no apparent regard to protection or cover. Nymphs were first collected, with prey, on June 3rd. The last adults were collected on October llth. Leland O. Howard reports the young nymphs as feeding on soft-bodied insects, "such weak, delicate species as plant lice." While some young nymphs were observed feeding on young tent caterpillars, others collected while feeding, had on their beaks the Locust-leaf- mining beetle (Chalepus dorsalis Thunb.) and a leaf -bug (Miridae). Several third instar nymphs were observed feed- ing on a pentatomid nymph, an adult Pentatomid (Euschistus euschistoides Vollenhaven) and an adult Membracid (Ceresa dicer os Say.) ; one fourth instar nymph was taken with a pentatomid nymph. Last instar nymphs were taken with an adult pentatomid (Euschistus variolarius Beauv.) and Japa- nese beetles (Popillia japonica Newn.) ; adult Wheel-bugs with Japanese beetles, caterpillars and a wasp (Eumeninae). A complete list of prey follows : Hemiptera Coleoptera Miridae 1 Chalepus dorsalis Thunb. 3 Tingidae 1 Elateridae 1 Pentatomidae Weevil 1 Nymphs 2 Popillia japonica Newn. 13 Adults 2 Homoptera Lepidoptera Atymnus querci Fitch 1 Tent caterpillar 3 Ceresa diceros Say 1 Caterpillars 3 Arachnids Hymenoptera Spider 1 Eumeninae (wasp) 1 Copulating adults were taken on August 23rd, and August 29th. The question arises, has this unusual increase in this pre- datory species been due to an increased food supply during the growing season? From observation, the increase of Arilns Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 59 cristatus (Linnaeus) has paralleled the local infestation of Chalepus dorsalis Thunb. and Popillia japonica Newn. Mr. Guy Boyd, a local insect exterminator, has also observed these Wheel-bugs preying on Japanese beetles consistently and con- curs with me in the opinion that their abundance is due to this increased food supply. These two beetles have been the pre- dominant forms taken for food. More evidence is needed and the above report is submitted with the hope that further in- formation will be forthcoming. Notes on the Odonata of Delaware County, Pennsylvania JOHN GILLESPIE, Glenolden, Pennsylvania During the five years that I have been studying dragonflies. most of my collecting has been done in the Delaware County region, the majority of it at ponds and streams within four or five miles of Glenolden. A number of interesting captures have been made during this five-year period, which, in the case of a few species, have established extensions of their known ranges. Many Delaware County records are mentioned in Dr. P. P. Calvert's Catalogue of the Odonata of Philadelphia, of 1893. None of these records, or more recently published ones by Dr. Calvert are given here, except for the mention of four inter- esting species not in the list below. These are Erythrodipla.v berenice, Synipetrum corruptum, and Argia tibialis (Calvert. Cat. Odon. Phila.), and Cordulegaster diastatops (Calvert, Ent. News XLIX : 251, 1938). There are, however, a number of unpublished records that Dr. Calvert has kindly given me, some of which are included here in order to make the data as com- plete as possible. Our combined notes bring the number of species reported in Delaware County to eighty-three. This shows that a small and thickly populated district like Delaware County can still yield an interesting variety of dragonflies. Only some of the less common species, for which previously published records from the Philadelphia area are either very 60 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '45 meager, or lacking entirely, are mentioned in this paper. Those marked with an asterisk (*) have not been previously reported from Delaware County or Philadelphia. A double asterisk (**) indicates new Pennsylvania records, but it is very likely that some of these species occur commonly in some part of the state, and have been overlooked because of the wide gaps in our knowledge of Pennsylvania Odonata. Two species which have been taken just outside of the county are included for the sake of completeness. The collecting area at Holmes deserves special mention. It consists of several swampy ponds with a total area of about an acre. The swamp is apparently produced by springs, and at the end of a very dry summer, as in 1943, it may almost dry up. In spite of this semi-temporary condition the swamp always swarms with dragonflies throughout the summer. Forty-five species have been taken or observed there as a result of some twenty odd collecting trips during the last four years. Many of these species are of particular interest, and Holmes is men- tioned frequently in the list of species which follows. Hagenius brevistylus Selys. Cheyney, June 17, 1934, 1 $ (P. P. Calvert). One female in a field near a small brook flowing into the Springfield Reservoir, June 25, 1940. Gomphus plagiatus Selys. Ridley Twp., Aug. 30, 1894, 1 $ (P. P. Calvert). G. spiniceps Walsh. Chester Creek, Glen Riddle, July 16, 1908, 1 <$ and 1 5 just transformed, their exuviae, two other exuviae (A. S. Calvert, coll. P. P. Calvert). Crum Creek above Strathaven, July 28, 1908, 1 $ dead in water, 27 exuviae collected along banks, other exuviae seen (P. P. Calvert). G. lividus Selys. Common along the Munckinipattus Creek. Several records for Chester, Ridley, and Crum Creeks (May 10-June21). Lanthus albistylus Hagen. Castle Rock, June 16, 1901, 1 $ (Daecke, det. by P. P. Calvert). Gomphaeschna antilopc (Hagen). A female was clinging to the outside of the screen on my window at 7 :30 A.M., May 22, Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 61 1941. Another female was taken on a screen door the follow- ing year, early in July. On several dates during a two-week period before the May 22 female was taken, a small aeschnid with a bluish abdomen was seen flying and hovering in sunny parts of the Munckinipattus Creek, low over the water. It was very likely a male of this species, but repeated efforts to catch it were in vain. *Basiaeschna Janata Say. Sycamore Mills, Ridley Creek, May 14, 1942, 1 g. Several others seen there and on Chester creek on the same date. Anax longipes Hagen. Cheyney, Smithson's Pond, July 9, 1936, 1 5 dead, decomposing on water's surface (P. P. Calvert). Holmes, June 19, 1941, 1 J 1 . (Sight record.) It captured a small dragonfly (Sympetrwn or Pachydiplax), and spent at least ten minutes devouring it while at rest in a tree. On an- other occasion, on Marthas Vineyard, Massachusetts, I saw this species capture a smaller dragonfly. Longipes seems to be more voracious than its much commoner relative, junius. **Aeslma constricta Say. A male was netted in our garden, Sept. 19, 1943. Two males taken in a large field, about half a mile from the edge of Tinicum marshes. After flying about, low over the ground, they lit on grass stalks, just a few inches from the ground. Sept. 26, 1943. Two males captured while flying slowly, very near the ground in a wide grassy lane at the edge of Tinicum marshes. Sept. 29, 1944. Except for a male that I took at Cape May, N. J., Sept. 25, 1944, this seems to be the southernmost record for this species. Ae. tuberculijera Walker. Holmes, Sept. 1, 1941, 1 ^ One male taken in large field, as above, Sept. 26, 1943. On this date the three species of Aeshna mentioned here, plus umbrosa, were collected in about twenty minutes time, and within a hun- dred-yard stretch along the edge of the field. Moore Lake, Sept. 12, 1944, 1 a en o '3 a 03 - d CN -f c - oo o - CN d t--. - o' - "5 CN o CN -t d d 00 PC GO Number a : same locality; I 30, 1919; (J. A. Reis, Jr.); 1 d\ 2$. Batanga; II-IV, 1914; (F. H. Hope) ; 3 $: same locality; IX, 1913; (A. I. Good) ; 1 J\ One female from Batanga and another from Lolodorf have no evident wings. The Lolodorf specimen is exceedingly small, measuring but 9.4 mm. in total length, although that from Ba- tanga is hardly at all under the average dimensions of other Cameroons females. The Lolodorf female measured is the smallest specimen of the species in a series of over one hundred and twenty individuals from a wide range of localities, now before me in the series of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Papilio mylotes Bates (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) By KENT H. WILSON, Fort Worth, Texas In the summer of 1937 the author captured a specimen of Papilio mylotes at his home in Fort Worth, Texas. The speci- men, however, was destroyed in the author's absence abroad. The presence of Papilio mylotes in the United States has been very doubtful in the past. Holland in his The Butterfly Book stated it as being "extremely doubtful." He failed to find any "record of its occurrence north of the Rio Grande." McDun- nough did not mention it in his Check List of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States, 1938. Dr. W. J. Showalter in Our Friends and Foes and Spiders (excerpts from the National Geographic Magazine) said, "Occasionally members of the spe- cies wander as far north as our Gulf coast." Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 149 A New Species of Paranomada with Notes on Melecta Thoracica Cresson By E. GORTON LINSLEY, University of California, Berkeley The following notes are based upon material very kindly submitted for study by Mr. P. H. Timberlake, of the Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside, California. Paranomada californica new species Female. Color black, shining; integument almost impunc- tate; pubescence white. Head with occiput clothed with long, pale hairs ; upper frons and vertex subglabrous ; antennae with a rosette of long, plumose, white hairs about bases, scape clothed with moderately long, white hairs ; clypeus shining, subglabrous, reddish; abdomen pale reddish at base, apices piceous; maxil- lary palpi with four free segments. Thorax black, shining; pronotal collar and tubercles densely clothed with pale hairs; mesoscutum and mesoscutellum subglabrous; metanotum pu- bescent, more densely at sides; mesepisterna with vertical face densely clothed with appressed white hairs; propodeum with dense patches of white pubescence on lateral margin, over an- terior angles of triangular area, and on each side of posterior angle of area; intermediate and posterior coxae broadly lamel- late ; wings tinted with fuscous, anterior pair with a large pale area beyond submarginal and discoidal cells ; veins and stigma dark brown. Abdomen black, shining, with a velvety band of plumose white pubescence along apical margin of tergites two, three, and four, band of second tergite broadly, of third tergite narrowly, interrupted at middle ; pygidial plate elongate, apex narrowly triangular, emarginate. Length 7 mm., anterior wing 5 mm. % Male. Form a little more slender than female ; abdominal bands broadly interrupted on second tergite, successively less broadly interrupted on tergites three, four, and five; pygidial plate narrow, apex narrowly rounded; genitalia with sagittae about as long as stipites, nearly straight externally. Length ', mm., anterior wing. 5.5 mm. 150 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '45 Holotype female and allotype male (Timberlake Collection), from Yucca Valley, San Bernardino County, CALIFORNIA, Sep- tember 28, 1944, collected by Mr. P. H. Timberlake. Both examples were captured flying close to the ground at flowers of Gntierresia Incida in company with E.romalopsis verbesinae Ckll. Mr. Timberlake suggests that E.roinalopsis may be the host of this genus, calling attention to the fact that the two fly together and share a striking similarity in general appearance and sculpture. This species is closely related to P. vclutina Linsley (Arizona and Lower California), differing at once from P. nitida Linsley and Michener (Arizona) in the black color and four-segmented maxillary palpi. From P. velutina it may be distinguished by the white rather than ochraceous or golden pubescence, and the interrupted pubescent bands of the abdomen (in the female, broadly interrupted on second tergite, narrowly on third ; in male, very broadly on second tergite, successively more nar- rowly on third, fourth, and fifth tergites.) The female may be further distinguished by the more narrowly triangular pygidial plate, the male also by the narrow pygidial plate which is nar- rowly rounded at apex, and possibly also by the slightly longer sagittae of the genitalia. These differences are expressed in the following key : Females 1 . Color black ; maxillary palpi with four free segments 2 Color pale reddish-brown ; maxillary palpi with five free seg- ments ; abdominal tergites two to four with white pubes- cent bands; wings clouded with pale brownish, veins and stigma light brown. 7.5 mm. Arizona nitida 2. Pubescent bands of abdominal tergites ochraceous or golden, entire ; pygidial plate more broadly triangular, apex sub- truncate. 8.5-11 mm. Arizona and Lower California velutina Pubescent bands of abdominal tergites white, broadly inter- rupted at middle of second tergite, narrowly on third tergite ; pygidial plate more narrowly triangular, apex shallowly emarginate. 7 mm. So. California, .colijornica Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 151 Males 1. Pubescent bands of abdominal tergites two to five golden or ochraceous, entire; pygidial plate broadly subtriangular, apex broadly truncate. 8.5-10.5 mm. Arizona and Lower California velutina Pubescent bands of abdominal tergites two to five white, widely interrupted at middle on second tergite, succes- sively more narrowly interrupted on tergites three, four, and five; pygidial plate narrow* apex narrowly rounded. 7 mm. So. California calif ornica Figure 1. Melee ta thoracica Cresson, female. Above: basal antennal segments in dorsal view (upper) and frontal view (lower). Below: pygidial plate. X 18. Melecta (Melecta) thoracica Cresson [Fig. 1] Melecta thoracica Cresson has not been recognized by recent workers. In my revision of nearctic Melectinae, 1 it was placed in the keys on the basis of the extremely brief original descrip- tion and the few structural characters subsequently mentioned by Viereck.- These characters appear, however, to be valid and definitive, especially the form of the pygidial plate of the 1 Linsley, E. G., 1939, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 32 : 429-468, figs. 1-9. 2 Viereck, H. L.. 1903, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 29: 179. 152 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '45 sixth abdominal tergite of the female and the proportions of the flagellar segments of the antennae (fig. 1). A fuller descrip- tion follows : Female. Black, pubescence of occiput, dorsum of thorax, and first abdominal tergite ochraceous to fulvous, remaining pubescence black. Head densely clothed with long, erect, black hairs at sides of face and about antennal bases, upper frons and clypeus thinly pubescent ; .upper frons and vertex closely, mod- erately coarsely punctate, median ocellus without a shining, impunctate triangular area in front, a distinct, elevated carina present between antennal bases and extending to base of clyp- eus ; antennae piceous, first flagellar segment distinctly longer than second ; clypeus moderately shining, finely, irregularly punctate, more coarsely and densely at base on each side of a smooth, median longitudinal basal line, base thinly clothed with long, fine, black hairs; mandibles pale, base and apex piceous. Thorax densely pubescent ; mesoscutum with surface obscured by the long erect pubescence, surface apparently closely punctate ; mesoscutellum with dorsal lobes armed with a spine which is much shorter than, and largely obscured by, the long erect hairs ; mesepi sterna opaque, coarsely, closely punc- tured, clothed with black hairs which do not obscure surface ; wings dark brownish ; legs moderately densely pubescent. Pro- podeum with enclosure finely punctate, nearly glabrous, other- wise clothed with long, erect, black hairs. Abdomen dark brownish or piceous, dull, surface tessellate, finely sparsely punctate; first tergite clothed with long, depressed or suberect, ochraceous or fulvous hairs except for a narrow median line and posterior margin, remaining segments with a few, coarse, suberect black hairs at sides ; pygidial plate elongate triangular, flat, sides straight, apex evenly rounded, not liguliform. Length approximaftely 15 mm. Described from a female from Buffalo, South Dakota, June 16, 1941 (H. C. Severin). There is considerable uncertainty about the type of this species. In his original description, Cresson 3 states, "1 speci- 3 Cresson, E. T., 1875, Wheeler Exp., Zool., 5 : 726. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 153 men; Eastern Nevada; 1872; Dr. H. C. Yarrow," in his cata- logue of North American Apidae, 4 he gives the distribution as "Colorado and Nevada," and in his list of types, 5 he records the type locality as "Colorado." Mr. E. T. Cresson, Jr., who very kindly looked into the matter for the writer, reports that the putative type hears the following labels: (1) "Col," (2) "?," (3) "Holotype 2286," (4) "M. thoracica." Mr. C. F. W. Muesebeck, who made a search for the Nevada specimen in the collections of the United States National Museum, which contain some of the material from the Wheeler Expedition, was unable to locate it. It is reasonable to suppose, therefore, that the Cresson type designation is in error and the type lost. A New Henicopid Centiped from Utah By RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN, University of Utah In a small collection of centipeds and millipeds made by Prof. C. L. Hayward on the slopes of the Wasatch Mountains east of Provo, Utah, is a single specimen representing a new genus in the family Henicopidae. It belongs in the subfamily Zygethobi- inae, the type of which is Zygethobius, a genus erected by the author many years ago for another Utah species living at high elevations in the Uintah and Wasatch Mountains. The present genus is the second one of the group to be found in which ocelli are wholly lacking. Genus Yobius, new This is a henicopid genus of the Zygethobiinae, a subfamily characterized by lacking spiracles on the first pediferous seg- ment. It is like Bncthobius in lacking ocelli, but differs in hav- ing the tarsi of all legs biarticulate. The key given below will aid in placing the new genus among those previously known in the subfamily. 4 Cresson, E. T., 1879, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 7: 218. 5 Cresson, E. T., 1916, Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1 : 132. 154 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS f June, '45 Generotype: Yobins haywardi, new species. The name Yobins is given in reference to the finding of the type specimen on what is locally called "Y" Mountain. Key to the Genera of Zygethobiinae 1. Ocelli absent 2 Ocelli present, one on each side 3 2. Tarsi of all but last two pairs of legs uniarticulate Buethobius Chamberlin Tarsi of all legs biarticulate Yobins, new 3. All tarsi simply biarticulate ; pores on last 5 pairs of coxae Zygethobius Chamberlin The second article of all tarsi subdivided into two to many subdivisions ; pores on only the last four pairs of coxae Esastigmatobins Silvestri Yobius haywardi, new species Body with head, antennae and legs yellow throughout. Antennae moderately long, composed typically of 35 or 36 articles, of which those distad of the second are short; second article long ; the first short or intermediate. Prosternal teeth small and pale, 3 + 3, with the median sinus shallow and U-shaped. Legs having the usual tibial spur on anterior side of distal end, otherwise without spines but bearing setae as usual. Tarsi with three claws, of which the accessory laterals are small. Tarsi biarticulate in all legs present, including the penult. It is presumed that the tarsi of the anal legs are similar, but as these legs are missing from the holotype this point is not wholly certain. The second tarsal article is relatively short. Coxal pores circular, 2, 2, 2, 2. Claw of the gonopods of female entire, relatively short ; basal spines 2 + 2. Length, 7.5 mm. Locality UTAH : Utah County, on "Y" Mountain, east of Provo. One female, lacking anal legs taken May 12, 1944, by C. L. Hayward. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 155 Undescribed Species of Crane-Flies from the Western United States and Canada (Dipt.: Tipulidae). Part IV By CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, Massachusetts State College, Amherst, Massachusetts The preceding part under this general title was published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, 56: 126-132, 1945. In the present paper I am describing some additional novelties, almost all from the extensive Melander Collection, particularly rich in species from our northwestern states. Where the species are repre- sented by uniques, Dr. Melander has very generously per- mitted me to retain the type specimens in my collection of World Tipulidae, a favor for which I express my deepest thanks. Limonia (Limonia) yellowstonensis new species General coloration gray, the mesonotum patterned with dark brown, including three praescutal stripes ; antennae black, the bases of the flagellar segments narrowly pale and constricted ; knobs of halteres dark brown ; legs yellow, the tips of femora narrowly but conspicuously blackened ; wings unusually nar- row, especially on proximal half; ground color whitish sub- hyaline, heavily spotted and dotted with brown ; Sc l ending opposite one-fourth to one-fifth the length of Rs; in-cn before the fork of M. 5. Length about 6 6.5 mm. ; wing 6.2 X 1.35 6.8 X 1.45 mm. Rostrum brownish black, sparsely pruinose ; palpi black. An- tennae chiefly black, the scape weakly pruinose ; flagellar seg- ments with their bases narrowly pale, the remainder dark brown, the basal stems of the outer segments becoming more constricted ; terminal segment a little longer than the penulti- mate. Head dark brownish gray, vaguely patterned with darker. Pronotum gray, patterned with dark brown. Mesonotum gray, the praescutum with three conspicuous black stripes, the median one vaguely split by a capillary paler vitta. this less dis- 156 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '45 tinct in the holotype ; scutal lobes likewise conspicuously black- ened. Pleura gray; dorsopleural membrane infuscated. Hal- teres with stem yellow, knob dark brown. Legs with coxae brownish testaceous, the posterior pair paler; trochanters ob- scure yellow ; femora light yellow, the tips narrowly but con- spicuously blackened ; tibiae yellow, the tips very narrowly and vaguely infuscated ; proximal two tarsal segments yellow, the tips darker ; outer tarsal segments infuscated. Wings unusu- ally narrow, especially on more than the proximal half; ground color whitish subhyaline, heavily spotted and dotted with brown ; the larger areas include, additional to the uniformly darkened stigma, a series of three costal areas, these subequal to or more extensive than the interspaces ; third dark area a common one over the origin of Rs and fork of Sc ; besides brown seams over cord, outer end of cell 1st M 2 and at ends of the veins, numer- ous brown dots in the cells, all more or less confluent, in the outer medial field unusually extensive and suffusing the veins ; veins yellow, brown in the patterned areas. Venation : Sc moderately long, Sc T ending about opposite one-fourth to one- fifth the length of Rs, Sc. 2 faintly indicated to lacking; cell 1st M 2 nearly as long as vein M 1+2 beyond it ; m-cn from about two- fifths to three-fourths its length before the fork of M. Abdominal tergites yellowish brown to dark brown, still darker laterally, the surface more or less pruinose; sternites obscure brownish yellow to light brown. Habitat. WYOMING. Holotype: $, Yellowstone National Park, August 25, 1934 (C. P. Alexander). Paratopotype: 1 $. The most similar described species is Limonia (Linwnia) ncUiana (Alexander) from an unknown station in Colorado. This is a larger fly, with broader wings and with vein Sc very short, SC-L ending opposite the origin of Rs. The structure of the male hypopygium of ncJliana shows that it is quite distinct from L. (L.) venusta (Bergroth) and allies. The discovery of the male sex of the present fly will be of much interest. Erioptera (Ilisia) polycantha new species Allied to sparsa; general coloration of mesonotum dark gray, Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 157 the posterior sclerites variegated with chestnut brown ; basal flagellar segments yellow ; legs yellow, the tips of the femora, tibiae and basitarsi infuscated ; wings yellow, spotted with brown; male hypopygium with the inner arm of the outer dis- tistyle terminating in a sharp recurved spine, on outer margin of base with several acute spinulose points ; phallosome with the lateral apophyses gradually narrowed to acute points. d\ Length about 5 mm. ; wing 6 mm. Rostrum and palpi brow T nish black. Antennae with the scape and pedicel light brown, basal flagellar segments yellow, the outer ones infuscated; flagellar segments with the longest ver- ticils unilaterally distributed, exceeding the segments. Head brownish gray. Pronotum light brown medially, darker on sides ; scutellum and pretergites light yellow. Mesonotum chiefly dark gray, the praescutum with indications of a darker plumbeous gray central stripe; pseudosutural foveae and tuberculate pits black; posterior sclerites of notum chiefly dark gray, the posterior border of scutellum, most of the parascutella, and the broad lateral borders of the mediotergite more chestnut brown. Pleura chiefly brownish gray, the propleura extensively obscure yel- low, concolorous with the dorsopleural membrane. Halteres uniformly pale yellow. Legs with the coxae and trochanters brownish yellow ; femora, tibiae and basitarsi yellow, the tips infuscated, slightly more extensively so on femora ; remainder of tarsi dark brown. Wings with the ground color yellow, restrictedly but handsomely patterned with brown, including spots as follows : At h ; arculus ; origin of Rs ; Sc. 2 ; marginal areas at ends of all longitudinal veins excepting R- and 1st A, largest at R 1+2 , R 3 and 2nd A ; an oblique seam on anterior cord from C to r-ni, widest in front; other seams over m-cii, in and as a spot on basal section of M 3 ; veins yellow, dark brown in the patterned fields. Venation : Sc. 2 about opposite one-third Rs ; R. 2 and R. 2+3 subequal ; cell 1st M. 2 elongate, the basal sec- tion of M 3 more than twice m; ui-cn transverse, almost its own length before" the fork of M \ vein 2nd A nearly straight, the anal veins divergent. 158 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '45 Abdomen, including hypopygium, dark brown. Male hy- popygium with the dististyles virtually terminal in position, the mesal portion of basistyle slightly produced beyond their bases. Outer dististyle profoundly bifid, the outer arm a long brown- ish yellow, paddle-like blade; inner arm blackened, gradually narrowed to a sharp recurved spine, on face of style before midlength with a strong black spine ; besides the above, outer margin of the basal half with four or five small erect spinulose points. Inner dististyle relatively narrow, entirely fleshy. Phallosome with the lateral apophyses appearing as broad black plates, gradually narrowed to acute points, the outer margin microscopically serrulate or roughened; inner apophyses ap- pearing as short slender black spines that are directed strongly laterad. Habitat. WASHINGTON. Holotypc: <$, Quilcene, Jefferson Co., July 24, 1917 (A. L. Melander). The most similar species is Erioptera (Ilisia} sparsa Alex- ander, of California, which has the details of the male hypopy- gium, particularly the outer dististyle and the phallosome, en- tirely different. The unusually spinose inner arm of the outer style is distinctive. Ormosia (Ormosia) hispa new species Belongs to the manicata group ; general coloration of mesono- tum reddish brown, of pleura and abdomen more yellowed ; wings whitish subhyaline, the stigmal region faintly more dark- ened ; R 2 very oblique ; male hypopygium with the tergal lobes unusually dilated ; phallosome very large, complex and heavily sclerotized; furcula widely expanded toward apex, deeply forked, the arms truncate at tips and provided with numerous microscopic spinulae ; near midlength of phallosome with a very high crest or flange. J 1 Length about 4.5 mm. ; wing 5.1 mm. ; antenna about 0.75 mm. Rostrum brownish yellow ; palpi medium brown. Antennae short ; scape light brown, pedicel large, pale yellow, flagellum Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 159 brown ; flagellar segments elongate, slightly dilated before mid- length and here provided with long conspicuous verticils, these exceeding the segments in length. Head light reddish brown. Pronotum and pretergites yellow. Mesonotum chiefly red- dish brown, the surface gray pruinose, especially on the pos- terior sclerites ; lateral portion of praescutum restrictedly more yellowed. Pleura chiefly reddish yellow. Halteres relatively elongate, stem pale yellow, knob weakly more darkened. Legs with coxae and trochanters yellow; remainder of legs broken. Wings whitish subhyaline, the prearcular and costal regions slightly more yellowed ; stigmal region faintly more darkened ; veins brown, yellow in the brightened fields. Venation : Sc^ ending just before the unusually oblique R 2 , Sc 2 about opposite one-fifth to one-sixth the length of the long Rs; cell M 2 open by the atrophy of the basal section of M 3 ; m-cu close to the fork of M ; Anal veins divergent. Abdomen, including hypopygium, chiefly yellow. Male hy- popygium with the tergal lobes even more dilated than in man i cat a and allies. Both dististyles unusually narrow, the outer style arcuated, its distal half with microscopic setulae; inner style subequal in length, nearly straight, the length about six times the diameter at midlength, the apex obliquely trun- cated. Phallosome unusually large, complex and heavily sclero- tized ; furcula widely expanded at apex, the two arms with numerous microscopic spinulae, especially along the margins of the notch, the apices obliquely truncated ; at near midlength of phallosome with a very high crest or flange ; what appears to represent the aedeagus originates still more basad, bifurcate at its tip. Habitat. WASHINGTON. Holot\pc: $, Puget, Thurston Co., July 4, 1925 (A. L. Melander). Ormosia (Ormosia) liispa is entirely different from the other species of the inanicata group, especially in the very distinct phallosome of the male hypopygium. The other species, O. (O.) inanicata Doane (dcviata Dietz, juscopyga Alexander) and O. (O.) uwdica Dietz (stylijcr Alexander) of North 160 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [JuilC, '45 America, and O. (O.) subdeviata Alexander, of Japan, are all much more closely allied among themselves. 0. (O.) pro- jnnda Alexander, of western North America, is even more isolated and generalized but from the structure of the phallo- some I believe should be referred to this group of Ormosia. Molophilus (Molophilus) distilobatus new species Belongs to the gracilis group, pnbipennis subgroup; general coloration of mesonotuni reddish brown, variegated with yel- low ; antennae short, the more proximal flagellar segments with very long verticils ; legs yellow, tips of femora and tibiae in- conspicuously darkened ; wings grayish yellow ; male hypopy- gium with the basistyle unusually long, the lobes lying far distad ; mesal lobe with the blackened spinous setae all near apex of lobe ; a supplementary slender flattened blade at edge of mesal lobe ; both dististyles pointed at their tips ; phallosome with long pale setae. <$. Length about 4.5 mm.; wing 5 mm.; antenna about 1.1 mm. Rostrum light brown ; palpi black. Antennae short ; basal segments yellow, outer ones passing into pale brown ; the more basal segments with unusually long verticils, the longest about twice the segments, those of the outer segments smaller; re- maining vestiture of segments abundant but pale and incon- spicuous. Head above chiefly dark brownish gray, the an- terior and posterior portions yellowed. Pronotum yellow, vaguely more darkened medially above; pretergites yellow. Mesonotum reddish brown, very sparsely pruinose, the humeral region extensively light yellow, the ex- treme lateral borders back to the suture very narrowly so ; scutellum infuscated, its posterior border narrowly obscure yellow ; postnotum infuscated, the suture between mediotergite and pleurotergite conspicuously yellow. Pleura chiefly reddish brown, more heavily darkened on the anepistenmm, the re- mainder more or less variegated by yellow. Halteres with stem whitened, its outer portion weakly infuscated, apex of knob Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 161 light yellow. Legs with coxae reddish yellow ; trochanters yellow; remainder of legs yellow, the tips of the femora some- what extensively but very vaguely darkened, of the tibiae more narrowly so ; outer tarsal segments brownish black. Wings grayish yellow, the prearcular and costal fields clear light yel- low ; veins brownish yellow, macrotrichia brown. Venation : R 2 virtually in alignment with r-m; petiole of cell M 3 about twice m-cit ; vein 2nd A sinuous, narrowing the cell on outer half, ending about opposite one-third the length of the petiole of cell M 3 . Abdominal tergites brown, with narrowly pale posterior borders; sternites more yellowed. Male hypopygium with the basistyle unusually long, the lobes lying far distad, including both the ventral and mesal ones, both on the same general level and terminating before the tips of the dististyles. On edge of mesal lobe a small and relatively slender flattened lobe, its sur- face with rather numerous setae on the outer portion, the apex and inner edge of the blade glabrous; main portion of mesal lobe broad, with about 18 black spinous setae, all placed near the apex. Outer dististyle moderately curved, slender, nar- rowed to the acute tip, the outer margin with a few appressed spines. Inner dististyle longer, strongly bent beyond mid- length, narrowed to the long apical spine, the ventral margin of outer half with coarse conspicuous spines ; face of style near midlength with a few very long setae. Phallosome broad, sub- acute at apex, the surface with numerous long pale setae. Habitat. OREGON. Holotypc: J\ Viento, Wasco Co., July 1, 1917 (A. L. Melander). From the other regional members of the pubipennis subgroup having short antennae in the male sex, the present fly differs somewhat conspicuously in the structure of the male hypopy- gium, particularly of the basistyle and its lobes. It is most similar to Molophilus (Molophilits} spiciilatus Alexander, yet entirely distinct. 162 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '45 Personals Dr. Nathan Banks. As of July first. Dr. Banks will re- tire from the position of Curator of Insects in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Cambridge, Massa- chusetts. Dr. Banks will continue his work on the Neurop- teroids and on the Psammocharids. Personal mail should be addressed to 103 Norfolk Street, Holliston, Massachusetts. Dr. A. Glenn Richards, Jr. is relinquishing his Assistant Professorship of Zoology at the University of Pennsylvania to become an Associate Professor at Minnesota. He is to inaugu- rate a graduate course and research in Insect Physiology, to establish a research laboratory in insect physiology and to con- tinue the course in Insecticides. His new address, as of July 1st, is: Division of Entomology and Economic Zoology, Uni- versity of Minnesota, St. Paul 8, Minnesota. Dr. Richards, since 1942, has also served as the Recording Secretary of the American Entomological Society, and as Secre- tary of its Council, and brought to those offices discerning ability and tactful judgment, for which the thanks of the Society and of its members follow Dr. Richards to his new post. For his effective work on ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, as a member of its Editorial Staff since 1942, and as Managing Editor from January 1944 to May 1945, the NEWS wishes to express to Dr. Richards its grateful acknowledgement and thanks. The NEWS extends to him its best wishes for success and joy in his new field of activity. Dr. Frank E. Blaisdell, Sr., California's well known Cole- opterist, has retired and moved away from San Francisco ; also given up his research studies. His new address is 22 High Street, Watsonville, California. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 163 Notes and News in Entomology Under this heading we present, from time to time, notes, news, and comments. Contributions from readers are earnestly solicited and will be acknowledged when used. Typhus in Naples: Typhus is a louse-borne disease which can be effectively controlled only as lice are exterminated. Shortly after its capture by the Allies, Naples was threatened by a serious epidemic. Thousands had lived in bomb-shelters with inadequate sanitary arrangements and the situation was ripe for an explosive outburst of the disease. The Rockefeller Foundation's typhus team, using their new method for applica- tion of insecticide without removing clothes, undertook the mass clelousing of the entire population. Forty delousing stations were established to which the people came by the thousands and tens of thousands. Men dusters cared for the boys and men, and a staff of women cared for the girls and women and the white DDT powder was applied directly by compressed air guns which swoshed it up trousers and skirts, down sleeves, into collars, seams, tucks and folds, wherever the insect or its eggs might cling. More than 1,300,000 were treated in Janu- ary alone, and Naples has a population of less than 1,000,000, which shows that some people came for more than one treat- ment. If well dusted, DDT will protect the body against lice for four to five weeks. The epidemic in Naples which might have taken thousands of lives collapsed with astonishing rapidity. Yellow Fever. Research in vellow fever is now beine* o carried on by the Rockefeller Foundation in seven localities out- side the United States, four of them in South America and three in Africa. In Villavicencio, Colombia, in an endemic yellow fever region, more than 2,000 animals have been trapped, ranging all the way from mice to wildcats and monkeys, and from birds to snakes and other reptiles. Immunity and inoculation tests gave posi- tive results in only two species the monkey and the opossum. That is, antibodies against yellow fever were found in their bloodstreams, evidence that at some time past they had been infected with the virus. 164 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '45 In June 1944, the laboratory at Ilheus, Brazil, trapped a sick monkey, a marmoset. In its bloodstream were discovered not antibodies, but the active virus of yellow fever. The animal was seriously ill and soon died, and exhaustive laboratory tests showed conclusively that it had died of yellow fever. This episode is historically interesting, because it is the first time in any country that a wild animal has been picked up in its natural habitat suffering from yellow fever. It lends sup- port to the thesis that yellow fever is primarily a disease of jungle animals transmitted by jungle mosquitoes. But there are many questions still to be answered. How is jungle yellow fever transmitted to man? Where is the reservoir of the virus during the periods between epidemics? In brief, where does the sporadic infection come from and what keeps it going? From : THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION, A REVIEW FOR 1944. Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF Under the above bead it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the current or preceding year unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installment. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Ex- periment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. NOTE: The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper ap- peared, as numbered in the List of Journals given at the end of the literature. The num- ber of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keys are followed by (k); papers pertaining exclusively to Neo- tropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. GENERAL Beebe, W. Jean Henry Fabre. Tribula- tions of a naturalist and the courtship of the scorpion. [Book of Naturalists] pp. 213-33. (See also under Hy- menoptera and Arachnida.) Carpenter, F. M. Carboni- ferous insects from the valley of Mazon Creek, 111. [Illi- nois Sta. Mus., Sci Pap.] 3: 20 pp., ill. (*). Endicott, A.- Preliminary survey of insects visiting goldenrod in Itasca Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 165 Park, Minn. [Proc. Minn. Acad. Sci.] 11 : 28. MacCreary, D. Some ectoparasites, excluding Ixodoidea, of Delaware mammals. [12] 38: 126-27. de Oliveira, S. J. Dicloro- difenil-tricloroetana (DDT) no combate as brocas de livros : Dorcatoma bibliophagum e Catorama herbarium (Anob). [105] 15: 325-28. Reeks & Smith. List of some forest insects of Newfoundland. [Scadian Nat., N. Brunswick] 2 (5): 1-17. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL Beebe, W. -Rene Antoine Ferchault de Reaumur. Why ants have wings. [Book of Naturalists] pp. 39-44. Cragg & Ram- age. Chemotropic studies on the blow-flies Lucilia sericata and L. caesar. [116] 36: 168-75. Day, M. F. Corpus allatum of the sheep ked. [5] 50: 1-8 (1943). Gold- schmidt, R. B. Podoptera, a homoeotic mutant of Droso- phila and the origin of the insect wing. [68] 101 : 389-90. Harrington, C. D. Biological races of the pea aphid. [12] 38: 12-22. Hartman, C. G. How Odynerus suspends her egg- [5] 51: 1-4, 1944. Hartman, C. G., et al. Notes on the habits of Osmia georgica as ascertained by tile glass- tube method. [5] 51: 162-65 (1944). Ludwig, D. Ef- fects of atmospheric humidity on animal life. [23] 18: 103- 35. Marvin, P. H. Effectiveness of macrocentrus ancyli- vorus reared from strawberry leaf roller in parasitizing oriental fruit moth. [12] 38: 119. Milne, A. Ecology of of the sheep tick, Ixodes ricinus. Seasonal activity in Britain with particular reference to northern England. Host availability and seasonal activity. [116] 36: 142-52; 153-57. Parman, et al. Overwintering ecology of the screw worm, Cochliomyia americana a symposium (5 papers). [12] 38: 66-9"0. Schneirla, T. C. Army-ant be- havior pattern : Nomad-statary relations in the swarmers and the problem of migration. [92] 88: 166-93. Sommer- man, K. M. Bionomics of Ectopsocus pumilis (Corrod.). [5] 50: 53-64 (1933), ill. Sulkin, S. E. Recovery of equine encephalomyelitis virus (Western type) from chicken mites. [68] 101 : 3*81-83. Tshernov, O. Biological peculiarities of nymphs of Ephemeroptera on which sterlets of dvina feed. [Zool. Jour., Moscow] 23: 216-20. (Russian with Eng. Sum.) Vellard, J. Cuatro conferencias sobre ani- males venenosos. [Inst. Univ. Pas Paris en Buenos Aires] 71 pp. Wellington, W. G. Conditions governing the dis- tribution of insects in the free atmosphere. [4] 77: 7-15. 166 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '45 ARACHNIDA & MYRIOPODA Beebe, W. (See under General.) Bishopp & Trembley. Distribution and hosts of certain N. Amer. ticks. [17] 31: 1-54. Bryant, E. B. Notes on Dictyolathys maculata (Araneae). [5] 50: 83-86 (1943). Three species of Coleosoma from Flor- ida. [5] 51: 51-58, ill. (1944). Crane, J. Spiders of the family Salticidae from Brit. Guinana and Venez. [18] 30: 33-42, ill. (*). Goodnight, C. J. & M. L. Duas esp. nov. de opilioes Sul-Americanos. [105] 15: 332-34, ill. Loornis, H. F. Millipeds principally collected by Prof. H. E. Shel- ford in the eastern and southeastern states. [5] 51 : 166- 77, ill. (1944) (*). Milne, A. (See under physiology.) Turk, F. A. Studies of Acari. II. Descr. of new sp. and notes on established forms of parasitic mites. [116] 36: 133-41, ill. SMALLER ORDERS AND ORTHOPTERA Banks, N. New Neuroptera and Trichoptera from the U. S. [5] 50: 74-81 (1943). Carpenter, F. M. Notes on Nearctic Neuroptera. [5] 49: 49-51 (1942). (See also under Gen- eral.) da Costa Lima, A. Sobre dois fosseis da bacia terciaria de Fonseca (Alvinopolis Minas Gerais). [15] 16: 291-92, ill. Emerson, A. E. Kolotermes milleri, n.sp. of termite from the Florida keys and Jamaica. [5] 50: 18- 22 (1943). Milne & Milne. Caddis flies (trich.) and pitcher plants. [5] 51: 179-82 (1944). Prince, F. M.- Description of three new sp. of Dactylopsylla and one new subsp. of Foxella, with records of other species and genera (Siphonaptera). [4] 77: 15-20, ill. Sommerman, K. M. (See under physiology.) Strohecker, F. H. An Ammo- baenetes from Nevada (Gryllacrid). [5] 51: 147-50, ill. (1944). Steyskal, G. C. Notes on Nallachius americanus (Dilar., Neur.). [5] 51: 183-84 (1944). HEMIPTERA Callan, E. McC. Cacao stink-bugs in Trinidad (Pentatomid). [105] 15 : 321-24. Drake ^Har- ris. New Pheumatobates from Brazil, with a note on R. imitator (Gerrid). [105] 15: 269-72. ill. Fennah, R. G.- New species of Bothriocera (Cixiid) from the Lesser An- tilles. [5] 50: 9-17 (1943). Usinger, R. L. Annectant genus of Cimicoidea from Baltic amber. [5] 49: 41-47 (1943). Wygodzinsky, P. Additional notes on the Bra- zilian sps. of gen. Aradus. Notas sobre Reduvioidea. [105] 15: 326-31, ill.; 342-51, ill. LEPIDOPTERA Beebe & Fleming. Sphingidae of Kartabo, Br. Guiana and Caripito. Venezuela. [18] 30: 1- Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 167 6. Clench, H. K. Lycaenidae of the Bahama Is. [5] 49: 52-60 (1942). New Calisto from Hispaniola and Cuba. [5] 50: 23-29 (1943). Notes on Calisto. [5] 50: 115 (1943). Gorham, R. P. Lepidoptera (moths) taken in and near Fredericton, N. B. [Acadian Nat. N. Brunswick] 2 (5) : 52-66. Lichy, R. Documents pour servir a 1'etude des lepidopteres du Venezuela. 2. Terias gratiosa (Pei- erid). Documents pour servir a 1'etude des Sphingidae du Venezuela 6. Madoryx oiclus. [46] 3: 193-94; 195-202, ill. Loveridge, A. Wings of the mourning cloak butter- fly snipped by ant. [5] 51: 178 (1944). Nabokov, V.- New or little known nearctic Neonympha. [5] 49: 61-80 (1943). Female of Neonympha maniola. [5] 50: 33 (1943). Nearctic forms of Lycaeides. [5] 50:87-99 (1943). Notes on the morphology of the genus Lycaeides. [5] 51 : 104-38, ill. (1944). DIPTERA Alexander, C. P. New Nearctic craneflies. [4] 77 : 1-6. New or little-known Tipulidae from Vene- zuela. V. [46] 3 : 171-92. Records & descr. of Brazilian Tipulidae. XI. Two undescr. sps. of Psychodid diptera from Tropical Amer. [105] 15: 292-312; 313-17. Records & descr. of N. Am. crane flies. V. Tipuloidea of Grand Teton Nat. Park & Teton Nat. Forest, Wyo. [119] 33: 391-439, ill. (*). Baker, E. W. Studies on the Mexican fruitfly known as Anastrepha fraterculus. [12] 38: 95-100. Barnes, R. C. Anopheles walkeri in diurnal shelters in Massachusetts. [12] 38: 114. Bequaert, J. Notes on Hippoboscidae. 18. The genus Chypteromyia ; with the descr. of a n.sp. [5] 49: 108-17 (1942). Further studies of the Tabanidae of Trinidad. [5] 51: 12-21 (k), (1944). Bromley, S. W. Bee-killing asilids in N. England. [5] 49: 81-83 (1943). Brues, C. T. N. Amer. species of Chaetopleuromorpha (Phorid). [5] 50: 50-52 (1943). New neotropical Phoridae. [5] 51: 151-61 (1944). Eyles & Burgess. Anopheles walkeri in S. Carolina. [12] 38: 115. Hull, F. M. New species of Syrphidae from the neo- tropical region. [5] 49: 84-107 (1942). Studies on Syr- phid flies in the Mus. Comp. Anat. [5] 51: 22-45 (1944). Revisional study of the fossil Syrphidae. [26] 95: 251-353, ill. (*). Some n.sps. of genus Salpinogaster (Syrphid). [46] 3: 165-70 (S). Johannsen, O. A. Noxious species of Phlebotomus in the Okefenokee Swamp, Ga. [5] 50: 112- 13 (1943). Lane, J. As esp. Neotropical do gen. Clino- helea (Ceratopog.) Zoogeography of Neotropical Ano- 168 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ June, '45 phelini (Culicid). [105] 15: 249-61; 262-68 (*). Schoof & Schell. Survival of anopheline larvae and pupae in muck. [12] 38: 113-14. Stone, A. Notes on gen. Tri- choprosopon (Culicid). [105] 15: 335-41 (S). Thurman, Ogden & Eyles. United States record for Culex interroga- tor. [12] 38: 115. COLEOPTERA Monte, O. Sobre Coleopteros Otido- cephalinae. [105] 15: 318-20 (*). Patterson & Hatch.- Annotated list of the Scolytoidea of Washington. [Univ. Wash. Pub., Biol.] 10: 147-54. Werner, F. G. Rev. of the gen. Pleomorpha. Three n.sp. of Cebrio. [5] 50: 30-32, 3436 (1943). New N. Amer. species of Epicauta. [5] 50: 65-73 (1943). HYMENOPTERA Banks, N. Two new genera in Psammocharidae. [5] 50:82 (1943). Beebe, W. Thomas Belt. Driver ants. [Book of Naturalists] pp. 151-59. Maurice Maeterlinck. The Swarm. [Book of Naturalists] pp. 197-212. (See also under Anatomy.) Benson, R. B. -Blasticotomidae in the miocene of Florissant, Colorado. [5] 49 : 47^8 (1942). Buren, W. F. New fungus growing ant from Mexico. [5] 51: 5-7 (1944). Enzmann, E. V.- Systematic notes on the genus Pseudomyrma. [5] 51 : 49- 103, ill. (1944), (k*). Haeussler, G. J. Gambrus stokesii, an Australian parasite of codling moth and oriental fruit moth. [12] 38: 103-06. Hartman, C. G. (See under Physiology.) Michener, C. D. New bee of the genus Heriades from Panama. [5] 50: 109-11 (1943). Moure, J. Notas sobre Abelhas da Colecao Zikan. II. (Apoid.) [105] 15: 273-91 (*). Rau, P. Appearance of Vespula squamosa in Missouri. [5] 50: 114 (1943). Wasps feed- ing on comb honey. [5] 51 : 50 (1944). Schneirla, T. C.- (See under Physiology.) LIST OF JOURNALS CITED 4. Canadian Entom. 5. Psyche, Jour, of Entom. 12. -Jour. Economic Entom. 15. Anais Acad. Brasil. Cien., Rio. 17. Jour. Parasitology. 18. Zoologica, New York. 23. Physiological Zool. 26. Bull. Mus. Comparative Zool. 46. Bol. Entom. Venezolana. 68. Science, New- York. 92. Biological Bull. 105. Rev. Entomol. R. d. Janeiro. 116. Parasitology, London. 119. Amer. Mid- land Nat. FOR SALE PAPILIO PONCEANA Many rare butterflies of South Florida and the Florida Keys For information write FLORENCE MOORE GRIMSHAWE 766 N.W. 13 Ave., Miami, Fla. This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Lepidoptera Would like to exchange Californian butterflies, noc- tuids, geometrids, etc. for eastern specimens. Glenn E. Pollard, 500 Clark Drive, San Mateo, Calif. Lepidoptera Am still collecting here and have only fine specimens for exchange. H. W. Eustis, Woodbine Rd., Augusta, Ga. Wanted Viennese Entomological Printing Press, for printing 3, 2> l /2 and 4 type data labels. Kent H. Wilson, 430 Ridgewood Road, Fort Worth 7, Texas. Wanted Heteroptera from all parts of the world, all families ex- cept Miridae. Will buy, exchange or determine. S. and C. Amer. species esp. desired. John C. Lutz, 6623 Lansdowne Ave., Philadel- phia 31, Pa. Wanted Mosquitoes for determination, or exchange for S. E. specimens. Particularly desire larvae. H. R. Dodge, Box 1095, Macon, Ga. Arctic Lepidoptera on hand, including Erebia, Oeneis and Brenthis. R. J. Fitch, Lloydminster, Sask., Canada. ENTOMOLOGISTS! To serve you is our business. Remember we offer Insect collecting and storing equipment designed by Entomologists for Entomologists. Lijc Histories accurately and attractively assembled. Specimens from all over the world for the general collector and the specialist. Be sure and write us concerning your problems. We are al- ways glad to send our catalogues and lists. WARD'S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTABLISHMENT, INC. P. O. Box 24, Beechwood Station Rochester 9, N. Y. Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency. Foreign Delivery $2.10. For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. V ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS JULY 1945 Vol. LVI v : . I -.3. U.S. HATL No. 7 CONTENTS Edmunds Ovoviviparous mayflies of the genus Callibaetis Chamberlin Two new centipeds from Trinidad 1 Hebard Species and races of Hesperotettix in Utah 175 Rodeck Two new subgenera of Nomada 1 79 Hull New syrphid flies 182 Henderson Additional notes on Papilio ponceana 187 Personals 189 Notes and News in Entomology 189 Entomological Literature 190 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. 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SEPARATES of articles without covers, without extraneous matter, will be furnished by the printer at the following prices: 1-4 pages, 25 copies, $2.50; 50 copies, $2.50; 100 copies, $3.00. 5-8 pages, 25 copies, $4.00; 50 copies, $4.00; 100 copies, $4.75. 9-12 pages, 25 copies, $6.25; 50 copies, $6.25; 100 copies, $7.25. Covers: first 50. $2.75; additionals at 2 cents each. Plates, printed on one side: first 50, $2.00; additionals at IVa cents each. Transportation charges will be extra. THE LANCASTER PRESS, INC., Lancaster, Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LVI JULY, 1945 No. 7 Ovoviviparous Mayflies of the Genus Callibaetis (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) By GEORGE F. EDMUNDS, JR., University of Utah, Salt Lake City Of the several records of the occurrence of ovoviviparity in the genus Callibaetis, Nedham and Murphy (1924) were first to record the phenomenon in the species Callibaetis vivipara. Needham and Murphy of Brazil. Doctor Osgood Smith (Need- ham, Traver, Hsu, 1935) reported a single female of Callibaetis sp. as containing well developed nymphs. Berner (1941) de- scribed this condition in C. floridanus Banks and C. pretiosus Banks from Florida and Callibaetis sp. from Michigan and gave an excellent description of the nymph within the chorion and after its liberation which occurs at approximately the time of ovopositing. Clocon diptcnnn Linn., the only ovoviviparous mayfly reported in a genus other than Callibaetis, \vas recorded by Von Siebold as early as 1837. The author was first attracted to this study in 1943 when he noticed how rapidly Callibaetis claudiac Edmunds * established itself in temporary pools. Several female imagos were dis- sected and some were found to contain eggs with well developed nymphs in them. The nymphs w r ere carefully studied and found to agree with Berner's description of the nymph of C. floridanns Banks. Each specimen was found to contain 400 to 450 eggs. It was noted that the eggs of newly emerged imagos do not fill the abdominal cavity, thus considerable room is left for growth. * This species is in the process of being described by the author. The description will appear in a future issue of this journal. (169) 170 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '45 In Salt Lake City, September 21, 1944, Callibaetis montanus Eaton was observed ovopositing in puddles of waste sprinkling water that had accumulated on an asphalt pavement. This water had been standing only a few hours, yet there were a number of tiny white nymphs clearly visible against the black pavement. The eggs hatched within a few minutes after touch- ing the water and the tiny nymphs began moving about in the shallow puddle. Several females were collected from the sur- face of the water at the time. One of these has two eggs con- taining well developed nymphs still clinging to the egg valve. The addition of these two species to those previously re- ported increases the number in the genus known to be ovovivip- arous to six or possibly seven species, depending on whether the New York (Smith) and Michigan (Berner) specimens were of the same or of different species. Thus, Berner's as- sumption that most if not all of the North American species of the genus are normally ovoviviparous is strengthened by these observations. Berner noted the correlation of ovoviviparity and longevity in mayflies. He kept a female of Callibaetis floridanus Banks alive for eight days, and European workers have kept a female of Cloeon dipterum Linn, for twenty-one days. In June, 1944, the author kept two females of Callibaetis claudlae Edmunds alive in a flask for ten days and believes their death to have been due to desiccation rather than to any other cause. Berner states, and the author agrees, that this time is more than suf- ficient for the development of the eggs. This extended longevity of the females coupled with the com- paratively short life of the male produces a peculiar sex ratio in nature. Although the males are by far the most active, field collecting usually produces an overwhelming majority of fe- males. Even though the author has made special efforts to collect male specimens, females are predominant in the collec- tion at an eight to one ratio. Thus the fact that a considerable number of species are known only from female specimens seems to be further evidence of ovoviviparity throughout the genus. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 171 Conclusions 1. It is probable that all species of the genus Callibaetis are ovoviviparous. 2. Longevity is necessarily correlated with ovoviviparity in the order Ephemeroptera. 3. The sexual ratio of an ovoviviparous species of Ephemer- optera is abnormal due to the longevity of the female and the comparatively short life of the male. REFERENCES CITED BERNER, LEWIS. 1941. Ovoviviparous mayflies in Florida. Florida Ent. 24; 2: 32-34. NEEDHAM, J. G., and MURPHY, H. E. 1924. Neotropical mayflies. Bull. Lloyd Lib. 24, Ent. ser. 4: 1-79, pis. 1-13. NEEDHAM, J. G., TRAVER, J. R., and Hsu, Y. 1935. The biology of mayflies. Comstock Publishing Co., Ithaca, New York. Two New Centipeds from Trinidad By RALPH V. CHAM BERLIN, University of Utah The types of the two new centipeds described in this article are part of a collection made by A. H. Strickland on Trinidad in the period from Nov. 23, 1943, to Mar. 1, 1944. This col- lection was sent for identification by Mr. C. F. W. Muesebeck of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine. The types of the new species are at present retained by the author. In addition to the new forms here described there were in the collection specimens of Lamyctinus coccitlus Brolemann (St. Augustine), Lamyctcs sp. (St. Augustine), and Itypliilits gni- anensis Chamberlin (Sangre Grande), and of the millipeds Siphonotns piirpurcus Pocock and Docodesmus trinidadcnsis Chamberlin. Newportia oligopla, new species Cephalic plate with two fine longitudinal sulci diverging for- 172 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '45 ward from caudal margin as shown in the figure. (Fig. 1.) Antennae compound of 17 articles; the first two articles and most of the third sparsely setose, the remaining articles, includ- ing distal portion of the third, more densely clothed with fine short hairs. Basal plate with a transverse semicircular sulcus which is some- what angled at the middle where there is a pit-like depression. Paired longitudinal sulci run from the caudal margin forward, each furcate behind the transverse sulcus at which the branches Figure 1. Neivportia oligopola. trinidadense. Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5. Leucolimim Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 173 end. (See fig. 1.) Paired longitudinal sulci present on ter- gites from the second to the twenty-second inclusive. Prosternal margin with a narrow, gently convex rim on each side, the two halves meeting in an obtuse, reentrant angle at the middle. A single seta a little caudad of the margin on each side. Claws of normal size. Tarsi of anterior legs not divided. Tibiae of anterior legs with a spine at distal end in anterodorsal position, but with no ventral spine. Pseudopleural processes moderately long and slenderly acumi- nate, each terminating in a single point or spine, and with no lateral spine. Poriferous area large, reaching to tergite on each side. Femur of anal legs with a series of four stout teeth below. Patella with a single tooth at base on mesal side and a much smaller one on ventral face distad of middle. Tibia unarmed, much thicker than first article of tarsus, in length about equal to the first article of the tarsus. Tarsus clawless, composed of eleven long articles of which all but the first are subequal in length, the first decidedly thicker than the others and about equal in length to two and a half of those following it. Length of largest specimen, 26 mm. Locality TRINIDAD, B. W. I.: St. Augustine, in soil of Savannah land, taken between 23rd Nov., 1943, and 1st Mar., 1944. Distinguished from other species in which the cervical sulcus is angled and has a pit at middle in having no ventral spine on anterior tibiae and tarsi and in having four teeth on the femur. Genus Leucolinum, new This genus is placed tentatively in the Ballophilidae along with the apparently related and imperfectly known Taciiioliiiiiin. occurring on St. Vincent. It agrees with the latter genus in having the ventral pores diffuse instead of concentrated in a sharply limited circular or oval area. It is readily distinguished from Taeniolinum in having the antennae slender and filiform 174 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [J u ly< '45 instead of short, thick and attenuated. The Panamican Lep- tynophilns also agrees with these two genera in having non- clavate, non-geniculate antennae but differs in having its ventral pores in a sharply defined elliptic area. Lcucolinuin agrees with other members of the family in having the labral margin smooth and wholly lacking teeth over the median arc. Last ventral plate broad. Coxopleurae each with a single pore. Anal legs clawless. Generotypc: Lcucolinuin trinidadense, new species. Leucolinum trinidadense, new species This is a pale, almost white, soil-dwelling form. Head and antennae of forms shown in figs. 2 and 3. No frontal suture evident. Palpi of second maxillae with claws reduced as shown in fig. 4. Prebasal plate not exposed. Prehensors with joints unarmed; claws rather small, un- armed, when closed scarcely exceeding the anterior margin of head. Chitinous lines not apparent on the prosternum. Dorsal scuta bisulcate. Ventral plates with not definitely defined porigerous area. Anal legs clawless ; the articles proportioned as shown in fig. 5. Last ventral plate broad. Coxopleurae each apparently with a single pore of moderate size, the limiting rim of which is not sharply sclerotized. Pairs of legs, 37. Length, 9 mm. Locality TRINIDAD: St. Augustine. Several specimens taken in soil ("detrital silt") from Savannah land between the 23rd of November, 1943, and the first of March, 1944. Col- lector, A. H. Strickland. K'i, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 175 The Species and Races of Hesperotettix in Utah (Orthoptera : Acrididae, Cyrtacanthacridinae) By MORGAN HEBARD, Research Fellow, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia A study of Hesperotettix as found in Utah, based on the col- lections of the Utah State Agricultural College, has recently been published by my friend the late Professor W. W. Hender- son. 1 Reliance on past literature, much too often misleading or actually incorrect, has in that study largely led to a number of serious errors. Extensive collections made by J. A. G. Rehn and the author in Utah, and a number of other important though small series, enable me to list the species and races of the genus in question, though time at present is not available to revise this difficult genus and analyze its species and races which occur west of the Rocky Mountains. The following alone include parts of Utah in their distribu- tion. Hesperotettix viridis viridis (Thomas), 1872. Synonym established by Hebard 1935, jest ir us Scudder, 1897. Probably present throughout Utah in better watered areas up to (rarely above) 6000 feet, but there found in the more arid environment, usually on Snakeweed, Gutierrczia sp., as ob- served by Henderson. Usually locally abundant, adults are taken as early as June 13, but are in greatest numbers after mid-summer. The species is highly variable, size, brilliancy and intensity of marking differing widely, largely if not entirely in keeping with the luxuriance and green through light yellowish brown to brown color of the plants in which it lives. Henderson has recorded viridis viridis from nineteen Utah counties and has cited much literature, previous records being erroneous from Iowa, where it is supplanted by viridis prutcnsis Scudder, and from New Jersey, where the even more distinc- 1 Great Basin Nat., Ill, pp. 9 to 21 (1942). 176 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '45 tive viridis brevipennis alone occurs. Our Utah material was taken at elevations between 2500 and 6500 feet, and is from Logan, Mantua, Box Elder Canyon, Ogden reservoir, Sunset, Salt Lake City, Maple Peak, Big Cottonwood Canyon, Morris, Deseret, Leeds, Washington, Middleton, Harrisburg, Santa Clara, Kanab, Zion Canyon, St. George and the western slope of the Beaver Dam Mountains. This race is absent from most of the desert portions of western Utah, where the genus is rarely encountered, and is known as yet only from the few widely separated localities here given. The present race is particularly widespread and abundant as well as generally distributed over the Great Plains and South- west. West of Utah different phases occur, apparently at- tributable to influences on viridis viridis of immediate environ- ment or even adaptation to certain different types of food plant. Whether or not some of these warrant description as previously unrecognized races cannot at present be decided. Hesperotettix viridis pratensis Scudder, 1897 (atypic to- ward viridis viridis). Reduced to race of viridis by Hebard in 1931. Maple Peak, outlying Wasatch Mountains back of Salt Lake City, 5000 to 6500 feet, ix, 7, 1909 (Rehn and Hebard), 2^, 4$. Typical over wide areas of the mid-west and eastern border of the Great Plains, but often locally distributed even there, this race occurs even more locally in parts of Wyoming, all but Western Colorado and New Mexico, southern Idaho " and southeastern Oregon.- Far distant from its other western limits, a condition apparently referable to this race, and the only development of viridis there existing, populates locally the mountains to the Pacific Coast at the extreme southwestern portion of California. Divergence toward or integradation with viridis viridis is shown by atypic material of viridis pratensis before me from - But often slightly to definitely atypic there. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 177 southern Saskatchewan and Alberta, narrowly on the Great Plains where these races meet, in Montana and at some locali- ties in Wyoming and Colorado, at the locality in Utah here recorded, and locally on the Pacific Coast from southern British Columbia to northern California. Hesperotettix viridis nevadensis Morse, 1903. Synonym established by Hebard in 1931, gillettei Bruner, 1904, who in 1929 first placed it as a race of nevadensis but referred it to racial status under viridis in 1931. As I feared, and as is now seen, the series recorded by Hend- erson as curtipennis, later sent me through his kind cooperation, represents viridis nevadensis. His observations, given under the latter name in the same paper, almost postulated this. Ten Utah counties are represented. Widespread and often locally abundant in Utah, this race often supplants viridis viridis where aridity has become pro- gressively more decided, and is in turn supplanted by the much more local and less numerous viridis termius in the extensive desert areas of large western portions of the State. My series, taken up to 7750 feet (Red Canyon), is from Tintic, Orr's Ranch in Skull Valley, Clear Creek divide in Pavant Range 7250 feet, Dog Valley in Pavant Range at 5900 feet, Marysvale at 6000, Kanosh, Beaver Canyon in Tushar Range at 6400, Parowan Summit in Iron County, Red Canyon southeast in Paunsagunt Plateau, Glendale, Bellevue and the Beaver Dam Mountains at 4650 to 5000 feet. There is very great variation in degree of reduction of the organs of flight present in series rather than in individuals of the same series. The pair from Marysville, Utah, show such reduction to an extreme degree, the tegmina being small lanceo- late pads differing from those of viridis termius only in that their apices are not truncate. Thus strongest convergence toward that race is indicated. I have found viridis nevadensis in western Colorado, abundant from southern Idaho through Utah and Nevada (where it is, 178 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '45 however, local, often separated by considerable intervals in the desert areas), very scarce in central-eastern and southeastern Oregon, and present, but in even less numbers, in southwestern Oregon east of the Sierras and a small adjacent area in Cali- fornia. Intergradation with viridis viridis is particularly indicated in some series from central southwestern Montana and southern Idaho. Hesperotettix viridis termius Hebard, 1917. Described as a race of nevadensis, I referred it instead to viridis in 1931. I have this race only from Milford at 4900 to 5000 feet (type locality), Pintura, Frisco at 6300, White Sage Valley at 6600 and Marysvale (one female), Utah. From outside of Utah I have material from very widely separated localities in arid southern Nevada and California only as far west as the Argus Range. The small size and truncate tegmina (usually weakly obtuse- angulate emarginate at the end of the humeral trunk) are con- spicuous features. As Hesperotettix pad fie its Scudder is peculiar to coastal southern California and so is absent everywhere east of the Sierra Nevada, it is unfortunate that Henderson reported his series of viridis termius from Utah as that insect. I have series of Hesperotettix curtipennis Scudder from southwestern Colorado, northwestern New Mexico and north- ern Arizona (where the Grand Canyon is its northern limit). Though the series so reported by Henderson is all representa- tive of viridis termius, as I find from examination of that entire series, it is almost certain that curtipennis will be found in extreme southeastern Utah. Thus the Utah forms of Hesperotettix are : viridis viridis, viridis pratensis, viridis nevadensis, viridis termius, and prob- ably curtipennis. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 179 Two New Subgenera of Nomada Scopoli (Hym. : Apoidea) * HUGO G. RODECK, University of Colorado Museum.f Boulder, Colorado Holonomada Robertson 1903, Can. Ent., 35 : 177 (new genus, type Nomada superba Cresson). Robertson's Holonomada received its name from the entire seventh male tergite, and was characterized in addition by the third antennal segment exceeding the fourth in length. While snperba was designated as the type, the listed species included N. vincta Say, which is hereunder designated the type of Pachy- nouiada new subgenus, and placida Cresson which is in the present paper included in Callinomada new subgenus. When restricted to the snperba type of insect, Holonomada is perfectly valid as a subgenus, but it cannot at present be considered a genus by the writer. A synopsis of the subgenus, for compari- son with the subsequently proposed new subgenera, is as follows : Holonomada Robt. Large (11-15 mm.), vernal (May-July), sexually monomor- phic species of robust form. Ground color of insects black, sometimes ferruginous. Eyes considerably convergent below in facial aspect, more so in females. Both sexes usually with light facemarks. Punctures of mesonotum moderately coarse, dense, and subuniform. Dorsum of prothorax rounded-cari- nate, considerably below level of mesonotum. Sides of pro- podcum u'ith prominent projecting angles just behind the pro- podeal spiracle, most readily seen in profile from diagonally above. Hair of head and thorax moderately long and abund- ant. Scape of male antennae robust but not globular. Seg- ment 3 of antennae subequal to or longer than segment 4. * Extracted from a thesis accepted by the University of Minnesota. t On leave of absence for military service. 180 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '45 Basal vein usually slightly to considerably basad of transverse median, but sometimes somewhat apicad. Anterior coxae rather broad at apex, without spines. Apex of hind tibiae with a rather dense fringe of long, slender, usually golden bristles, similar in both sexes. Impunctate apical margins of abdominal terga extremely narrow. Seventh tergum of males rather long and narrow, tapering, apex rounded and entire. The characters in italics are those by which this subgenus may be distinguished from Pachynomada. Pachynomada new subgenus Type species, Notnada vincta Say 1837, present designation. Large (10-13 mm.), autumnal (Aug. Sept.), sexually mono- morphic species of rather slender form. Ground color of in- sect usually red. Facial quadrangle nearly equilateral, eyes only slightly converging below. Females without yellow face- marks. Punctures of mesonotum fine, very dense and uniform. Dorsum of prothorax roundcd-carinate, only slightly depressed medially. Hair very short and sparse, nearly absent on meso- notum and (except adducta) on sides of propodeum. Scape of male antennae globular-swollen. Segment 3 of antennae slightly longer than segment 4. Basal vein interstitial with to slightly basad of transverse median. Anterior coxae narrow at apex, often with a low tubercle, but not spined. Apex of hind tibiae with 46 widely-spaced, short, acute spines, heavier in the female. Impunctate apical margins of abdominal tergites very narrow. Seventh tergum of males not very broad, taper- ing, rounded at tip, entire or minutely or very shallowly emargi- nate. Apparently allied to CaUinomada, but distinguished by the characters in italics. For comparison with Holonomada see italicized characters of that subgenus in the synopsis above. This subgenus is partially a segregate from Holonomada Robertson, receiving vincta Say and sebrata Cresson, which have been included in that group. N. besseyi Swenk belongs Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 181 here, as does addncta Cresson. It has been the good fortune of the writer to find the male of N. victrLv Cockerell which likewise belongs in this subgenus, although it has in all the known specimens of both sexes only two submarginal cells. It is likely that N. morrisoni Cresson also belongs in this sub- genus although the writer has not yet had an opportunity to examine the genitalia. There are undoubtedly other species which should be included, but which have not yet come to at- tention. Callinomada new subgenus Type species, Nomada antouita Cockerell 1909, present desig- nation. Rather small (7-9 mm.), autumnal (Aug.-Sept.), sexually monomorphic species. Facial quadrangle nearly equilateral, eyes only slightly converging below. Punctures of mesonotum fine, very dense and uniform. Dorsnin of prothora.r sharp-carinate, produced upward at sides and depressed medially, anterior face more or less concave. Hair very short and sparse, nearly ab- sent on mesonotum and sides of propodeum. Antcnnal scape of males obconic, rather slender and curved. Segment 3 of antennae from about equal to distinctly longer than segment 4. Basal vein interstitial with to definitely apicad of transverse median. Anterior coxae with low, rounded or conical spine rudiments but not actually spined. J/v.r of hind tibiae with 3-5 very short, stunt, acute, straight spines. Impunctate apical margins of abdominal terga very narrow. Seventh tcrgiim of males broad, very broadly rounded, entire or minutely or very shallowly emarginate. Apparently allied to Paehynomada but distinguished by the characters in italics. This subgenus contains Nomada snowii Cresson, aqiiilarnm Cockerell, mutatis Cockerell, plaeida Cres- son, and verecunda Cresson, as well as the type, anlonita Cockerell. 182 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '45 New Syrphid Flies By F. M. HULL, University of Mississippi This paper describes the new species and varieties of Syrphid flies which have accumulated during the last two years. Cerioides malleus n. sp. A small species with club shaped abdomen. Wing with a single brown spot at apex. Face with a thick armed yellow V, narrowly margined by brown. Male. Length 10 mm. Head: vertex, except for the area across and immediately after and before the ocelli and the upper part of the occiput which is brownish red, light yellow. The face and front and cheeks are light yellow, marked with brown- ish red, as follows : a small spot on the eye margin on the pos- terior part of the cheeks, a broad band from the lowest portion of the epistoma almost to the eye margins. Also there is an area reaching from the anterior tip of epistoma in the form of narrow linear vittae. These two vittae diverge on either side of the face at the same angle as the band of the lower face diverges and they continue to widen until they become con- fluent above with a broad, similarly colored area that occupies almost exactly one half the width of the face below the antennae, and which area also extends half the length of the face beneath the antennae. This upper block of reddish brown encloses the lower half of the short front; it contains just below its middle a pair of pale yellow ventrally rounded triangles narrowly separated from one another. Also the large red brown block sends a short, sharp, small projection into the yellow of the lateral portion of the face. Finally the yellow triangle which remains upon the lower half of the face is narrowly divided upon its upper portion by a linear brown stripe. The central area is enclosed by the brown. The cheeks and all of the lower portion of the face are silvery pubescent; the upper block of brown has minute brown patches bare of pubescence. The antennae are missing. The frontal prominence is completely Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 183 lacking in this species. Thorax: brownish red, a little darker upon the central portion of the mesonotum which, however, is not black, but is darker due to the very thick accumulation of microscopic black setae. The lateral half of the transverse suture is margined with pale yellow which continues down narrowly upon the posterior part of the mesopleura, across the middle of the sternopleura almost to touch the arcuate yellow stripe upon the upper part of sternopleura. There is a wider, pale yellow stripe across the middle of the metapleura. The humeri, the narrow subapical margin of the scutellum and a long slender, narrow margined vitta upon the posterior part of the mesonotum which runs from the suture slightly obliquely almost to post calli are pale yellow. The pile of the mesonotum, though exceedingly short, is all golden and the reddish color is overlaid especially laterally and particularly upon the pleura and upon the coxae as well as the legs with quite microscopic, silvery pubescence. Abdomen: club-shaped, rather short, the first two segments almost as long as the remaining three and greatly narrowed. The abdomen is narrowest just before the middle of the second segment, but the apex of that segment is considerably wider than its base which in turn is more narrow than the base of the first segment. The hypopygium is quite large, protuberant and bluntly rounded and not greatly smaller than the third segment. The third and fourth segment and the protuberant hypopygium form a large, oval, broadly rounded club. The abdomen is reddish brown, a little darker upon the third segment, its posterior margin laterally and narrowly, the whole posterior margin of the cylindrical second segment and the whole wider posterior margin of the third segment pale yel- low. There is an obscure, transverse, narrow 7 , dorsal and ven- tral fascia of yellow across the apical portion of the hypopygium. Legs: brownish red, the basal sixth of the hind femora and the basal portion of their tibiae pale yellow. The brown of the tibiae, however, extends almost to the base ventrally. The hind tarsi are lacking, the anterior tarsi quite dark reddish brown, the apical segment very pale, the middle tarsi light 184 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Juty* '45 brown. Wings: hyaline, veins pale brown. There is a sharp, acute bend in the third vein, somewhat less than a right angle; it is without spur and all of the remainder of the submarginal cell, after the completion of the bend, together with most of the marginal cell above it is light brown in color. Holotypc: one male. Rikatla, LOURENCO MARQUEZ (H. Junod) April 1915. In the Cornell University collection. Mallota separata n. sp. Flies with the male eyes separated narrowly ; abdomen black pilose beyond the second segment ; related to ^osticata Fabr. Male. Length 15 mm. Head: vertex protuberant, shining black and apparently quite bare. There is no evidence that pile has been denuded for there is yellow pile on the posterior part of this prominence and extensive, long, sulphur-yellow pile on the posterior part of the occiput. There is also a single row of long black hairs, widespread, nearer the eye margins and upon the occiput. The lateral half of the front is sparsely white pubescent with a few long white hairs and more black ones. The triangular, middle, anterior area of the front is polished, bare, black and with a linear, median crease on the upper half and a transverse crease across the lower middle. The eyes are definitely separated by from two to three times the width of the anterior ocellus. The face and cheeks are shining black, silver pubescent with silvery pile. The antennae are dark brown, the arista pale yellow, black apically, white at apex. Thorax: shin- ing brownish on the sides and anteriorly, due to pollen, the mesonotum is broadly black, except on the anterior margin. The pile of the mesonotum is light sulphur-yellow with only a few black hairs in the center. The scutellum is light brown with narrow blackish base, the pile is entirely sulphur-yellow ; there is similar pile upon the post calli and widely over the mesopleura, pteropleura and sternopleura. Abdomen: shining blackish with light yellow pile upon the first segment except its anterior corners ; the yellow pile is continued upon the base of the second segment, triangularly, and upon the basal half of the sides. The remaining pile of the abdomen is thick, long and - Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 185 entirely jet-black including that upon the hypopygium. Legs: all of the femora shining black, the tibiae very dark brown, the tarsi light reddish-brown. The pile of the hind femora, except a few inner basal hairs and their tibiae and tarsi, is entirely black. The femora are considerably thickened and arcuate, their ventral surface concave with a subapical, ventral pro- tuberance and black, bristly, tufted pile. The hind tibiae are flattened and somewhat arcuate, but without the thick, abundant black pile found in the middle of the ventral surface in posticata Fabricius. Wings: hyaline with a faint, small brown cloud near the origin of the second and third veins. Holotype: a male. Oxford, MISSISSIPPI, May, 1942, (F. M. Hull). Mesogramma arethusa n. sp. A small fly, the abdomen shining light orange brown, the third and fourth segments with four black vittae. Related to boscii Macquart. Male. Length 5.5 mm. Face and front yellow, the cheeks blackish behind, the vertex coppery red, shading into brassy, the vertical triangle metallic black. The upper pile of the vertex is entirely black and the very sparse pile of the front whitish. The first two antennal segments are pale brown, the third wholly light orange, the arista brown and rather thickened at the immediate base. The middle indentation of the occiput marked ; the occiput is bluish black with silvery pubescence and pile of which there are several rows. Thorax: blackish and brassy brown before the scutellum and with some evidence of similar vittae but the mesonotum is however discolored. The humeri are dark brown, linearly yellowish behind ; the mesonotal margin between the humeri and the transverse suture is wholly black but dull yellowish bro\vn behind the suture and over the post calli and again upon the margin of the scutellum ; disc of scutellum greenish black. The upper sternopleura and the posterior half of the mesopleura is yellow, only the former white pubescent; propleura black. Abdomen: narrowly oval 186 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '45 with nearly parallel sides ; shining black. The extreme an- terior corners of the first segment and a median, medially sub- interrupted and sublaterally subinterrupted fasciae are orange in color. Third and fourth segments are shining orange brown; down the middle run two slender, linear, narrowly separated, anteriorly divergent vittae reaching the base of the segments. The posterior corners of these segments are black and from the medial, anterior angle of this black area a wider vitta reaches forward the full length of the segment and from the outer anterior angle of this same black there runs along the margin of the segment a diminishing extension of the black ending rather sharply at about one-third of the distance from the base of the segment. The fifth segment has a slender medial vitta and a wider sublateral one on either side. The hypopygium is orange brown with a prominent, sharply delineated, shining black spot to the right. Legs: pale brownish yellow, the hind femora with a wide, distinct, black band occupying most of the posterior half except the apex. The hind tibiae are blackish except the ex- treme apex and the narrow base, their tarsi dark brown, the second and third segments barely lighter. Wings: hyaline, stigmal cell dilute brown. Female. The front is metallic bluish black, minutely wrinkled but not striate ; vertex similar to male ; frontal pile blackish, the margins of the front linearly yellow, face yellowish with a divergent, obscure brownish stripe beginning just below the antennae ; third antennal segment dark brown on at least the upper half. T/iora.r: mesonotum and scutellum and pleura similar to male. Abdomen: wider, more oval, the fascia of the middle of the second segment scarcely interrupted sublaterally and not at all medially. Medial vittae of third and fourth seg- ments rather more extensively produced upon the lateral an- terior ends of these vittae. The whole anterior portion of these vittae is somewhat larger and the lateral margin of all of the segments is black throughout, least so upon the second segment at the ends of the yellow fascia. The yellow of the abdomen is less of an orange color, has a rather extensive opaque pattern Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 187 which comprises most of the vittae except their narrow posterior apices. Legs and ivings: similar to the male, the stigmal cell almost hyaline. Holotypc: a male, from Englewood, FLORIDA (J. G. Need- ham). Allotype: one female, Englewood, Florida. The pattern of the female suggests boscii Macquart but be- sides the lateral and sublateral vittae posteriorly, it also differs in the divergent stripe of the face and the hind tibiae which are blackish almost throughout. Furthermore, the notopleura are black, and in boscii are yellow vittate. The male of arethtisa differs even more from the male of boscii Macq. (To be continued) Additional Notes on Papilio Aristodemus Ponceana Schaus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) By W. F. HENDERSON, Chicago, Illinois The article in the February (1945) issue of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS brought in several memoranda concerning ponceana. One of these was in the form of a correction concerning speci- men No. 24 in the published table, but the other memoranda brought information in regard to additional specimens. All suggestions have been followed up and in so far as replies have been received, the following notes bring the data concerning ponceana up to date : No. 24. A correction should be made in the table as pub- lished in February: Locality: Key Largo, Florida; Date: August, 1943; Present Possessor: R. Chermock, Coral Gables, Florida. Additional specimens: No. 25. ^. Miami, Florida; May 21. - - Wm. Schaus. Specimen now in the collection at Cornell University. Ithaca, New York. This specimen bears an authentic label indicating its possession by Jacob Doll, but Dr. W. T. M. Forbes is of the opinion that it is another one of the original Schaus specimen.-,. 188 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Juty? '45 There is no year of capture indicated on the label. Cornell University received this specimen from the collection of Addi- son Ellsworth (Johnson City, N. Y.), whose record book shows that he obtained it from William Reiff. No. 26. c?. No. 27. $. Lower Matecumbe Key, Florida ; May, 1935; Mrs. C. N. Grimshawe; Present Possessor: R. Chermock, Coral Gables, Florida. No. 28. 5- Lower Matecumbe Key, Florida; May 28, 1935; Mrs. C. N. Grimshawe. (Believed to be a bred speci- men.) No. 29. J. Same data as No. 28 except date: May 30. 1935. No. 30. 5. Lower Matecumbe Key, Florida; May 19, 1936 (bred) ; Mrs. C. N. Grimshawe. No. 31. <$. Same as No. 30 except date: June 10, 1936 (bred). No. 32. 5. Key Largo, Florida; June 24, 1940; Mrs. C. N. Grimshawe. No. 33. <$. Key Largo, Florida; May 18, 1941; Mrs. C. N. Grimshawe. Specimens 28-33 inclusive are in the possession of Mr. Kent H. Wilson, Fort Worth, Texas. This brings the total number of specimens up to 33, the last recorded capture being in August, 1943. The writer wishes to express his thanks to those who have so kindly cooperated in making this record more complete, and it is hoped that any other collectors who have ponceana will write in and report them. Personals Dr. Andrey Avinoff, Director of the Carnegie Museum at Pittsburgh since 1926, has resigned for reasons of health. The title of emeritus has been conferred upon him. Dr. Joseph C. Bequaert has been appointed head curator of recent insects at the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 189 Entomologists of Netherlands Indies. According to Dr. J. C. Bradley, information received from the Netherlands Red Cross is to the effect that, as of 28 October, 1943, Jacobus Van der Vecht was a military internee of the Java camp. They have no information concerning Dr. J. G. Betrem, who, at the out- break of hostilities, was Agricultural Entomologist in Semarang, Java. Notes and News in Entomology Under this heading we present, from time to time, notes, news, and comments. Contributions from readers are earnestly solicited and will be acknowledged when used. How Long Do Entomologists Live? An examination of Mathilde M. Carpenter's "Bibliography of Biographies of En- tomologists" (American Midland Naturalist, vol. 32, no. 1, p. 1-116, 1945), discloses among other things, the birth and death dates for 2,187 entomologists born between 372 B.C. and 1920. Both amateur and professional entomologists are included and although some of the entomologists had other occupations, the list as it stands may be considered as representing an occupa- tional group of white males for the entire world, and the mor- tality of the subjects as being due to all causes. It is of interest to note that the average age at death for the entire 2,187, was 65.48 years. The largest number of deaths occurred in the age group 70 to 74. Thirty per cent of the 2,187 died before reaching 60 years. Of the remaining 70 per cent, 23 per cent died between the ages of 60 and 69, 29 per cent between 70 and 79. and 18 per cent between the ages of 80 and 94. Of special interest are the 1 ,600 entomologists who were born between 1500 and 1859. The average age at death for this group was 69.09 years. When the period from 1500 to 1859 was divided into smaller periods it was found that the deviations from 69.09 were small. In other words, all during the years 190 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [uty, '45 from 1500 to 1859 entomologists continued to live an average of 69 years. Life tables for early times are fragmentary and rather in- complete, but the expectation of life at birth in Breslau for the years 1687 to 1691 was about 34 years. In Carlisle, England, 1780-1787, the expectation at birth was close to 40 years. In continental United States in 1910, it was about 50 years and in 1940 it was 62.94 years for white males and 67.31 years for white females. All during these times, however, when the expectation of life at birth was low for populations in general, entomologists con- tinued to live an average of 69 years. In every population from early times to the present, a certain part of the population, by reason of parentage and environment, has always lived many years beyond the average for the balance of the population, and it is apparent that entomologists for the most part have always been recruited from among that portion of the population that lived the longest. Karl Pearson con- cluded many years ago that from 50 to 75 per cent of the gen- eral death rate is determined by the forces of heredity. If this is correct, most of the credit for living long lives should go to the parents of the entomologists. HARRY B. WEISS. Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles jrrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the current or preceding year unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installment. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Ex- periment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. NOTE: The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper ap- peared, as numbered in the List of Journals given at the end of the literature. The num- ber of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keys are followed by (k); papers pertaining exclusively to Neo- tropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 191 GENERAL On the retention of ii or i in specific patro- nymic names. [87J 1 : 147-58. Use of the name of a corn- posit genus for a component part requiring a name, where the name so used was published on, or before, 31st Dec. 1930. [87] 1 : 159-70. Designation of genotypes for genera published with identical limits on, or before, 31st Dec. 1930. [87] 1: 171-78. Designation of genotypes by Latreille, 1810. [87] 1: 179-90. Acosta Solis, M. Los climas en la regiones naturales del Ecuador. [Flora, Quito] 4 (11- 12) : 139-208. Allen, A. A. Nomenclature-^Another plea for realism. [8] 71 : 81-83. Balfour-Browne, F. Further to the problem of a changing nomenclature. [8] 71 : 108-9. Bradley, J. C Amateurs. [19] 40: 9-10. Campos, F.- Fauna entomologica de Guayaquil en vertiginosa exposi- cion. [Flora, Quito] 4 (11-12): 125-34. Chamberlin & Lawson Mechanical trap for the sampling of aerial insect populations. [Mosquito News] 5: 4-7, ill. Comstock, W. P. Violet Harriet Dos Passes and her N. American moths. [6] 53: 47-48. Davis, William Thompson Obituary notes. [Mus. Bull. Staten Id. Inst. A. & S.] 27 (No. 3), 17 pp., ill. Dobzhansky, Th. Genetics and macro-evolution. (A re- view of Simpson, G. G., Tempo and mode in evolution.) [Jour. Hered.] 36: 113-15. Fletcher, F. C. Sericulture, its successes and failures. [118] 18: 73-75, cont. Grensted, L. W. Formation and gender of generic names : a further note. [8] 71: 118. Peterson, A. Some insect infants. [54] 60 (6) : 426-42. ill. Riley, N. D. Problem of "anting" in birds. [109] 10: 13-14. Romney, V. E. Effect of physical factors upon catch of the beet leaf hopper (Eutettix tenellus (Bak.)) by a cylinder and two sweep-net methods. [84] 26 (2) : 135-47, ill. Sailer, R. L Bite of a lacebug, Corythucha cydoniae. [103] 18: 81-82. Simpson, G. G.- Tempo and Mode in Evolution. N. Y. Columbia Univ. Press, 1944, 237 p. $3.50. Review by C. L. Hubbs in [90] 79: 271-75. Solomon, M. E. Tyroglyphid mites in stored products. Methods for study of population density. [20] 32: 71-74. Teale, E. W. The sayings of William T. Davis. [19] 40: 3-6. Vouk, A. M. Aphidae as vectors of the mosaic disease on onions. (Microbiology, Moscow] 13 (4) : 180-84. (Russian, English summary.) Wain- wright, C. J. Xomenclatorial problems. [8] 71: 79-80. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL Bostick, B. O. Morphology of the carabid beetle, Calosoma scrutator. 192 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Juty- '45 [7] 38: 14-32. Crombie, A. C. On competition between different species of graminivorous insects. [Proc. R. Soc. London] B, 132: 362-95. Daggy, R. H. Biology and sea- sonal cycle of Anopheles farauti on Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides. [7] 38: 1-13. Dennell, R. Insect epicuticle. [31] 155: 545. Goldschmidt, R. B. Evolution of mouth parts in Diptera ; a counter critique. [55] 21: 4147. Grosch, D. S. The relation of cell size and organ size to mortality in Habrobracon. [Growth] 9: 1-17. Hawley & Dobbins Distribution and abundance of the Japanese beetle from 1935 through 1943, with a discussion of some of the known factors that influence its behavior. [6] 53 : 1-20. Lees & Picken Shape in relation to fine structure in the bristles of Drosophila melanogaster. [Proc. R. Soc. London] B, 132: 396-423, ill. Marcus, H. La base ana- tomica del olfato topoquimico. [Acta Zool. Lilloana] 2: 141-45, ill. La respiracion de las hormigas. [Acta Zool. Lilloana] 2 : 307-20, ill. Rau, P. Size of the cell and sex of the wasp in Ancistrocerus catskillensis. [7] 38: 88. Reynolds, J. M. On the inheritance of food effects in a flour beetle, Tribolium destructor. [Proc. R. Soc. London] B, 132: 438-51. Roth, L. M. Odoriferous glands in the Tenebrionidae. [7] 38: 77-87, ill. Schrader, F. The cy- tology of regular heteroploidy in the genus Loxa. (Pent.) [57] 76: 157-78. Tiegs, O. W. Post-embryonic develop- ment of Hanseniella agilis (Symphyla). [53] 85: 191-328, ill. Villee, C. A. Phenogenetic studies of homoeotic mu- tants of Drosophila melanogaster. III. The effects of tem- perature on the expression of bithorax 34E. [90] 79: 246-58. Wellington, W. G. Conditions governing the dis- tribution of insects in the free atmosphere. II. [4] 77: 21-28. Whiting, A. R. Effects of X-rays on hatchability and on chromosomes of Habrobracon eggs treated in first meiotic prophase and metaphase. [90] 79: 193-227, ill. Williams, C. R. Prolongation of larval-pupal development in Drosophila melanogaster and its effect on facet number. [90] 79: 259-70. Williams, J. L. Anatomy of the internal genitalia of some Coleoptera. [10] 47: 73-91, ill. Yeager & Heishman Some effects of antisera on larvae of the southern armyworm, Prodenia eridania. [7] 38: 45-52. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA Barrows, W. M. New spiders from the Great Smoky Mountain National Park. [7] 38: 70-76, ill. Bryant, E. B. Argiopidae of Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 193 Hispaniola. [26] 95 (4): 359-418, ill. (*k). Carter, A.- This bug is a borgia (Dermacentor sps.). [Frontiers, Phila.] 9: 132-34, 160, ill. Curran, C. H. Ticks and hu- man welfare. [Nat. Hist. New York] 54: 283-85. Ewing, H. E. Mites of the U. S. Antarctic Service Expedition 1939-41. [Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc.] 89: 296. McGregor, E. A. A new gen. and sp. of tetranychid mite from Cali- fornia: [10] 47: 100-2, ill. Mulaik, 'S. New mites in the family Caeculidae. [Bull. Univ. Utah] 35 (17) : 23 pp., ill. Schubart, O. Os diplopodos de Pirassuntmga (Argentina). [Acta Zool. Lilloana] 2: 321-440, ill. (*S). Solomon, M. E. (See under General.) Tiegs, O. W. (See under Ana- tomy.) Wang, Y. M. Preliminary report on Chilopoda at Ishan, Kwangsi and Meitan, Kweichow. [6] 53 : 63-67. THE SMALLER ORDERS Crawford, J. C. A new gen. and sp. of Thripinae from bulbs. [10] 47: 92-94. Eraser, F. C. Migration of Odonata. [8] 71 : 73-74. Glance, G. Collembola of the U. S. Antarctic Service Expedition 1939-41. [Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc.] 89: 295. Jellison, W. L. Genus Oropsylla in N. Amer. [17] 31: 83-97, ill. Marcus, H. (See under Hymenoptera.) Mosley, M. E. Designation of certain genotypes in the Trichoptera. [108] 14: 46-47. Williner, G. J. Cecilidos nuevos (Cecilid). [Acta Zool. Lilloana] 2: 293-99, ill. (S). Wray, D. L. A new Tetracanthella (Collembola) from N. Carolina, with a key to known species. [7] 38: 33-37. HEMIPTERA Beamer, R. H. New sp. of Dikraneura from Arizona (Cicadel). [103] 18: 83-84. Beamer & Lawson. Rev. of the gen. Stragania in Amer. north of Mexico (Cicadel). [103] 18: 49-66, ill. (*). Caldwell, J. S. Notes on Issidae from Mexico (Fulgorid). [7] 38: 89- 120, ill. (k). Neotropical lanternflies of the gen. Phrictus in the U.S.N.M., with descr. of 4 n. sps. [50] 96: 177-84, ill. Fennah, R. G. New lanternflies from So. America (Fulgorid). [50] 96: 95-105, ill. Characters of taxonomic importance in the pretarsus of Auchenorhyncha (Homop.). [10] 47: 120-28, ill. Jensen, D. D. Notes on the syn- onymy, nymphs and distribution of Heteropsylla texana (Psyllid). [55] 21: 74-76. Metcalf, Z. P. General cata- logue of the Hemiptera, Fasc. IV, pts. 4-7. Fulgoridae, Derbidae, Achilixiidae Meenoplidae, Kinnaridae. 252 pp. Romney, V. E. (See under General.) Sailer, R. L Status 194 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS u- '45 of Corimelaena White, 1839, Eucoria Mulsant and Rey, 1865 and Allocaris McAtee and Malloch, 1933 (Pent.)- flOJ 47: 129-35, ill. New name for Acantholoma Stal. (Scutell.). [10] 47: 135. Note concerning Solubea post- postia (Pent.). [10J 47: 136. (See also under General.) Sampson, W. W. Five n.sp. of Aleyrodidae from Cali- fornia. [55] 21 : 58-62, ill. Schiff, H. Notes on Thysania zenobia (Heteroc.). [6] 53: 88. Vouk, A. M. (See under General.) LEPIDOPTERA Blanchard, E. E. Dos n.esp. de Agaonidos Argentines. [Acta Zool. Lilloana] 2: 301-305, ill. Bourquin, F. Metamorfosis de Automeris eothila (Hemileucid). [Acta Zool. Lilloana] 2: 285-91, ill. Boyd, W. M. Notes on the potato tuber moth Gnorimoschema (Phthorimea) operculella in New Jersey. [6] 53: 68. Brown, F. M. Notes on Mexican butterflies. [6] 53: 31- 46. Butt, F. H. External morphology of Amphymallon majalis, the European corn-borer. [Cornell Univ. Mem.] no. 266: 18 pp., ill. Comstock, W. P. (See under Gen- eral.) Corfe, C. E. Two moths from one cocoon. [Canad. Field Nat.] 58: 191. dos Passes, C. F. Some col- lections of Lepidoptera. [6] 53 : 62. Floroff, D. N. Steganoptycha diniana desertana Carad. in east Siberia. [Bull. Inst. Sci. Biol. Geog. Univ. Irkoutsk] 9 (3-4): 169- 207, ill. (Russian, English summary.) Forbes, Wm. T. M. The genus Phyciodes (Nymph.). [70] 24: 139-207, ill. (k). Freeman, T. N. Review of the N. Amer. sps. of the gen. Argyrotaenia (Tortric). [Scient. Agric.] 25: 81- 94, ill. (*). Heinrich, C. Gen. Fundella, a contribution towards a rev. of the Amer. Pyralidoid moths of the fam. Phyctidae. [50] 96: 105-13, ill. (*S). Moss, A. M.- Castnia of Para, with notes on others. [108] 14: 48-52. Stallings & Turner. Two new races of butterflies. [103] 18:82-83. DIPTERA Addis, C. J. Phlebotomus (Dampfomyia) anthophorus, n.sp. and P. diabolicus from Texas. [17] 31 : 119-27, ill. Alexander, C. P. Records and descriptions of neotropical crane-flies. XIX. [6] 53:49-61. Bequaert, J. Unusual occurrence of Lynchia americana. [19] 40: 30. Bickley, W. E. Anal gills of mosquito largae. [Mos- quito News] 5: 18. Cortes, R. Nuevo nombre gen, para u n taquinido de la Rep. Argentina (Tachinid). [Acta Zool. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 195 Lilloana] 2: 255-57. Daggy, R. H. (See under Physi- ology.) Dean, G. A. Two interesting insect species (Her- netia illucens, Dermestes lardarius). [103] 18:84. Hardy, G. H. On flies that fold their wings. [8] 71 : 93-94. Hare, J. E. Flying stage of the deer lousefly Lipoptena depressa in California. [55] 21 : 48-57. Harmston & Knowlton New Dolichopodidae from Michigan. [103] 18: 77-81. Levi-Castillo, R. New var. of the Anopheles pseudopunctipennis complex in Ecuador. [Mosquito News] 5: 17-18. Matheson, R. Notes on Anopheles oc- cidentalis and A. quadrimaculatus. [Mosquito News] 5: 1-3, ill. Rapp, W. F. Check-list of Psychodidae of South and Central America. [6] 53: 21-30. Reinhard, H. J. New genera and species of N. Amer. Tachinidae. [4] 77 : 28-36. New gen. & sps. of muscoid flies. [103] 18: 67-77. Stage & Chamberlin. Abundance & flight habits of cer- tain Alaskan mosquitoes, as determined by means of a rotary-type trap. [Mosquito News] 5: 8-16, ill. QfiXHQHTEEA Bostick, B. O. (See under Ana- tomy.) Dean, G. A. (See under Diptera.) Dillon & Dil- lon Rev. of the tribe Pachypezini (Ceramb.). [19] 40: 11-27, ill. (k*). Fender, K. Studies in the Cantharidae, II. [4] 77: 37-39, ill. (*). Oregon Chrysomelidae. [55] 21 : 72-73. Notes on the sps. of Podabrus of Oregon and Washington (Cantharid). [55] 21 : 77-80 (*). Fisher, W. S. New beetles of the family Eucnemididae from Cent. Amer. & West Indies. [50] 96: 79-93. Hawley & Dob- bins (See under Physiology.) Hinton, H. E. Descr. of two n.sps. of Elsianus with a key to the graniger species- group. [8] 71: 90-92 (S*). New & little known sps. of Microcylloepus (Elmid). [9] 78: 57-63, ill. (S). Key to the No. Amer. sps. of Terapus, with a descr. of a n.sp. (His- terid). [108] 14: 38^45, ill. (S). Pao Chu (Hung Fu Chu). Larvae of the Harpalinae unisetose (Carab). [Abst. of Thesis, Univ. 111.] 7 pp. Richter, P. O. Notes on Phyllophaga barda with a desc. of the larva. 1 10] 47 : 97-99, ill. Sanderson, M. W. A new N. Amer. species of Lithocaris (Staph). [10] 47: 94-97, ill. Seevers, C. H.- New gen. & sps. of Trichopseniinae from American and Aus- tralian termite nests (Staphilin). [55] 21 : 63-72. ill. Werner, F. G. Revision of the gen. Epicauta in America north of Mexico (Meloidae). [26] 95 (5): 421-517. ill. (*k). Williams, J. L. (See under Anatomy.) 196 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '45 HYMENOPTERA Benson, R. B. Classification of the Pamphiliidae (Symphyta). [108] 14: 25-33, ill. Classi- fication of the Xyelidae. [108] 14: 34-37, ill. Bugbee, R. E. Eight new species of the genus Eurytoma from Mexico and Guatemala. Parts V and VI. [7] 38: 53-69, ill. Campos, F. La hormiga Holocoponera whymperi, vulgar- mente quinquina. [Flora, Quito] 4 (1112) : 135-136. Macnamara, C. Note on the swarming of Solenopsis mo- lesta. [4] 77 : 40. Marcus, H. Estudio comparado de la articulacion mandibular en las hormigas y termites. [Acta Zool. Lilloana] 2: 260-84, ill. Mickel, C. E. Three new species of Mutillidae from Peru and Bolivia. [7] 38: 38- 44. Morley, B. D. W. Ant butter. [31] 155 (3939) : 517. Murray, W. D. Taxonomic value of male genitalia in sphecoid Hymenoptera. [7] 38: 121-24, ill. Rau, P. Carnivorous habits of the adult wasp, Odynerus dorsalis. [19] 40: 29-30. (See also under Physiology.) Ross, H. H. A taxonomic outline of the Nearctic species of Pachy- nematus (Tenth). [10] 47: 105-20, ill. (k*). Schuster, R. M. A n.sp. of Pseudomethoca (Mutillid) from the W. Indies. [19] 40: 7-8 (k). Scott, H. Rainfall in relation to scarcity or abundance of wasps. [8] 71 : 97-98. LIST OF JOURNALS CITED 4. Canadian Entomologist. 6. Jour. New York Entom. Soc. 7. Ann. Entom. Soc. America. 8. Entom. Monthly Mag. 9. The Entomologist, London. 10. Proct. Ent. Soc. Washington. 17. Jour, of Parasitology. 19. Bull. Brooklyn Entom. Soc. 20. Annals of Appl. Biology. 26. -Bull. Mus. Comparative Zool. 31. Nature, London. 50. -Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum. 53. Quart. Jour. Microscop. Sci. 54. Scientific Monthly. 55. Pan-Pacific Entomolo- gist. 57. Jour, of Morphology. 70. Entom. Americana. 84. Ecology, Brooklyn. 87. Opinions and Declarations, Internat. Comm. Zool. Nomen. 90. American Nat. 103. Jour. Kansas Entom. Soc. 108. Proc. R. Entom. Soc. Lon- don (B). 109. Proc. R. Entom. Soc. London (C). 118.- Ward's Nat. Sci. Bull. FOR SALE PAPILIO PONCEANA Many rare butterflies of South Florida and the Florida Keys For information write FLORENCE MOORE GRIMSHAWE 766 N.W. 13 Ave., Miami, Fla. EXCHANGES This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Lepidoptera Would like to exchange Californian butterflies, noc- tuids, geometrids, etc. for eastern specimens. Glenn E. Pollard, 500 Clark Drive, San Mateo, Calif. Lepidoptera Am still collecting here and have only fine specimens for exchange. H. W. Eustis, Woodbine Rd., Augusta, Ga. Wanted Viennese Entomological Printing Press, for printing 3, 3Vz and 4 type data labels. Kent H. Wilson, 430 Ridgewood Road, Fort Worth 7, Texas. Wanted Heteroptera from all parts of the world, all families ex- cept Miridae. Will buy, exchange or determine. S. and C. Amer. species esp. desired. John C. Lutz, 6623 Lansdowne Ave., Philadel- phia 31, Pa. Wanted Mosquitoes for determination, or exchange for S. E. specimens. Particularly desire larvae. H. R. Dodge, Box 1095, Macon, Ga. Arctic Lepidoptera on hand, including Erebia, Oeneis and Brenthis. R. J. Fitch, Lloydminster, Sask., Canada. Odonata Will buy or exchange North and Central American species, both imagos and nymphs. Also will exchange other orders for Odonata. Carl Cook, Crail Hope, Kentucky. ENTOMOLOGISTS! To serve you is our business. Remember we offer Insect collecting and storing equipment designed by Entomologists for Entomologists. Life Histories accurately and attractively assembled. Specimens from all over the world for the general collector and the specialist. Be sure and write us concerning your problems. We are al- ways glad to send our catalogues and lists. WARD'S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTABLISHMENT, INC. P. O. Box 24, Beechwood Station Rochester 9, N. Y. Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. 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Please renew your subscription for 1946 early ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS DTV T OCTOBER 1945 Vol. LVI No. 8 CONTENTS Chamberlin On three lithobioid chilopods 197 Chamberlin A European centipede in Utah 199 Westfall Synonymy in the genus Gomphus 200 Rodeck Genus Melanomada, new designation 202 Freeman A new species of Lerodea 203 Knowlton Amphorophora aphids notes 206 Rapp Andrew Bolter Insect Collection 209 Hull New syrphid flies 210 Personals 218 Notes and News in Entomology 218 Rapp A correction 220 Entomological literature 220 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, MVj n f THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY ' PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $3.00 domestic; $3.30 foreign; $3.15 Canada. Entered as second-class matter April 19, 1943, at tne post office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879. 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SEPARATES of articles without covers, without extraneous matter, will be furnished by the printer at the following prices: 1-4 pages, 25 copies, $2.50; 50 copies, $2.50; 100 copies, $3.00. 5-8 pages, 25 copies, $4.00; 50 copies, $4.00; 100 copies, $4.75. 9-12 pages, 25 copies, $6.25; 50 copies, $6.25; 100 copies, $7.25. Covers: first 50. $2.75; additionals at 2 cents each. Plates, printed on one side: first 50, $2.00; additionals at lYi cents each. Transportation charges will be extra. THE LANCASTER PRESS, INC., Lancaster, Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LYI OCTOBER, 1945 No. 8 On Three Lithobioid Chilopods By RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN, University of Utah Of the three new species of chilopods herein described, the first two are based upon specimens taken in Illinois by William F. Rapp, Jr., and pertain to the family Lithobiidae. The third is a member of the Gosibiidae and its type specimen was taken in Mexico by Prof. V. E. Shelford. The types of the three species are in the author's collection. Genus Physobius, new Differing from Garibius and Monotarsobius in lacking a special lobe on the tibia of the male. Agreeing with both of these genera in having the articles of the antennae normally 20 in number. Prosternal teeth 2 + 2. Posterior angles of none of the dorsal plates produced. Posterior coxae armed dorsally. Ventral spines of anal legs 0, 1,3, 3, to 0, 1, 3, 2, 1 as against 0, 1, 3, 1, in Garibius. Generotype. Physobius rappi, new species. Physobius rappi, new species Head and antennae brown, the antennae of a somewhat pur- plish cast with apical portion lighter. Dorsum pale, testaceous, the last tergite darker. Last two pair of legs also darker, ex- cept tibiae which are light. A striking peculiarity is presented by the prosternum which bears only a single tooth on each side ; this moderately large, with the special seta near its outer base. Median sinus strictly V-shaped. These teeth are symmetrical and normal as far as can be detected. (197) 198 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '45 Ventral spines of anal legs 0, 1, 3, 2; dorsal, 1, 0, 3, 1, 0; claw single ; coxae armed laterally as well as dorsally. Ventral spines of penult legs 0, 1, 3, 3, 2; dorsal, 1, 0, 3, 1, 1, with one accessory claw; coxa not laterally armed. Ventral spines of first legs 0, 0, 1, 2, 1 ; dorsal, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0. Coxal pores, 3, 3, 3, 3. Claw of female genital forceps tripartite with the lateral teeth small ; basal spines 2 + 2. Length, 11.2 mm. Locality. ILLINOIS : Mahomet. One female taken Mar. 4, 1945. Tidabius plesius, new species A species apparently nearest to T. poaphilus of Nebraska, with which it agrees in having the posterior coxae wholly un- armed and in having the ventral spines of the anal legs, 0, 1, 3, 2, 0, with the dorsal spines 0, 0, 2, 0, and the claws 2. It differs, however, in having the dorsal spines of the penult legs 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, and in having also but 2 dorsal spines on the third joint of the three or four preceding pairs, the others, except the first, having but one spine. Ventral spines of first legs 0, 0, 0. 0, 1, the dorsal, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1 ; ventral spines of the second legs 0, 0, 0, 1, 1 ; dorsal, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2. The articles of the antennae typically 28 instead of 32. Length of female holotype, 9 mm. Locality. ILLINOIS: Urbana, Feb. 25, 1945. Mayobius victoriae, new species In the type specimen the head, antennae, prehensors and first tergite are brown ; the remaining part of the dorsum testaceous ; legs yellowish. The antennae of moderate length, the articles mostly short, 47 in number. Ocelli in 2 series, 1 + 3, 3, the single ocellus large, the seriate ocelli in each row decreasing in size cephalad. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 199 Prosternal teeth 2 + 2 as usual, the ectal spine on each side much less robust than the teeth but truly spiniform. Readily to be distinguished from other known species in ap- parently lacking spines on the first legs both below and above. The second legs also lack spines below but have small ones above; thus, 0, 0, 2, 2, 1. Ventral spines of penult legs 0, 1, 3, 1 (2?) 1; dorsal, 0, 0, 3, 1, 1; an accessory claw present. None of the posterior coxae armed. Claw of the female gonopods strictly entire. Basal spines 2 + 2, stout. Posterior angles of 9th, llth and 13th dorsal plates strongly produced, those of the 7th weakly so (Subgenus Mayobius, sens. str.). Length, 11 mm. Locality. MEXICO: Tamaulipas : Ciudad Victoria. Female type taken Dec. 30, 1943. Occurrence of a European Centiped in Utah By R. V. CHAMBERLIN, University of Utah Cryptops hortcnsis Leach, a common European centiped, known heretofore also from the Azores, Madeira, and St. Helena, has over a series of years been taken occasionally at quarantine in soil about plants imported from Europe. It has not, however, previously been noted as anywhere established in America. In April of this year, Mr. Stanley Mulaik brought in a single specimen with soil taken near the Biology Building of the University of Utah. Subsequent investigation has shown that it is abundant in cultivated soil on the campus of this institution. 200 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '45 A Note on Synonymy in the Genus Gomphus (Odonata) By MINTER J. WESTFALL, JR., Cornell University While working over the Gomphines recently with Dr. James G. Needham, the author noted several synonymous names, four of which are pointed out below. Gomphus quadricolor Walsh 1863. Gomphus quadricolor Walsh, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., 2 (3) : 246-249 [Rock Island, 111., 1 J>; type lost (Mutt- kowski, Catal. p. 96)]. 1922. Gomphus alleni Howe, Occasional Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5: 19-20, figs. 1-4. Squam Lake, New Hampshire, June 22, 1907; 1 J 1 only; type (formerly at Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Museum) now at Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard College. Only the type of alleni is known, but I remembered having seen the peculiar teeth figured by Howe on the superior append- age of alleni in other specimens we had been calling quadricolor. With the original descriptions of alleni and quadricolor before me and a specimen which had been determined by Dr. E. M. Walker as quadricolor, I could find no specific difference in the two descriptions. Howe had compared alleni with almost everything else near it except quadricolor. This he must have overlooked. Howe states that he compared the type with the Gomphine material of the collection at the Museum of Com- parative Zoology with the aid of Nathan Banks, also that Mr. E. B. Williamson and Dr. P. P. Calvert studied the type and believed it to be new. It is difficult to see how all could have failed to note its identity with quadricolor, except that the lat- ter species is none too common in collections and not well known. It was quite certain after my study that alleni should be rele- gated to synonymy, but to be still more certain I sent the speci- Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 201 men of qnadricolor determined by Walker and which fits Walsh's description to Nathan Banks at the Museum of Com- parative Zoology. He has kindly examined the type of alleni and compared it with my specimen of qnadricolor. In a letter he writes, "G. alleni is the same species ; it agrees with your specimen throughout, and also with two qnadricolor we have from Ohio." This species has been recorded in the literature from Ont., Mass., N. Y., Pa., Mich., Wise., Ohio, Ind., 111., Tenn., and Ala. This synonymy apparently constitutes a new record for New Hampshire. Gomphus descriptus Banks 1896. Goni pints descriptus Banks, Jn. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 4: 194. Ithaca, N. Y., May 15-21; 6 J*s, 2 $s ; types [said by Muttkowski (1910, Catal. p. 91) to be in the collection of Banks] are at the U. S. National Museum according to a recent communication from Nathan Banks. 1943. GompJius argus Needham, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 38 (5): 143-152, figs. 1-2. Argus Brook, Lloyd Wild- life Reservation near McLean, N. Y., June 4, 1923 ; single fragmentary J 1 ; holotype in Cornell Univ. collection in vial and on two slides. 1943. Gomphus mortimcr Needham, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 38 (5): 143-152, figs. 1-2. Chipola Lake, Fla., April, 1929; 2 J's, one taken in transformation; types in Cornell Univ. Coll. in vials and on slides. After carefully studying the types of argus and mortimcr with me, Dr. Nedham has requested that I report them as syno- nyms. In describing argus he mentioned a close relationship with descriptus, but did not recognize it as identical. G. descriptus had been recorded from Ont., Que., Mass, (specimens in collection of M. J. Westfall, Jr.), N. Y., Mich., Iowa, and N. C. Dr. Needham's specimens extend the known range to Florida. 202 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '45 Gomphus (Stylurus) notatus Rambur 1842. Gomphus notatus Rambur, Ins. Nour.,p. 162. Single J 1 ; mutilated type in Mus. Paris (Rambur did not know where the type was collected). 1943. Gomphus (Stylurus) jucundus Needham, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 38 (5): 143-152, figs. 1-2. Crown Point, N. Y., July 30, 1939 ; types J and $ taken in copula- tion, now in Cornell Univ. collection in 2 vials and on 3 slides. After studying this species again, and comparing it with the type description of notatus and material from the Williamson collection, Dr. Needham has requested that I report it as a synonym. This species is recorded from Manitoba to Que., N. Y. to N. C, Ala., Tenn. to Wise. Genus Melanomada Cockerell, New Designation (Hym. : Apoidea) * HUGO G. RODECK, University of Colorado Museum,f Boulder, Colorado Melanomada Cockerell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 55 : 587, 1903 (new subgenus, type Nomada grindcliae Ckll.). Hesperonomada Linsley, Pan-Pac. Ent., 15: 5, 1939 (new genus, type Hesperonomada melanantha Lins.). Melanomada was erected by Cockerell as a subgenus based upon Nomada grindcliae Ckll., and characterized by the entire seventh male tergite, the black color of the male and the black and red of the female, the smooth shining vertex and mesono- tum, etc. Later (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXIX: 648, 1911) Cockerell described N. (Melanomada) helcniclla as a second species of the group. * Extracted from a thesis accepted by the University of Minnesota. f On leave of absence for military service. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 203 Upon examining the types of Cockerell's species Nomada penniycra, sidacfloris, and pasitiira, the writer became con- vinced that these also belong to this subgemis. The genus Hesperonomada Linsley, based on the species melanantha Lins. from California, corresponds to Melanoinada in both external and genitalial characters. The generic distinct- ness of Melanomada ( including Hesperonomada) from Nomada, recognized by Linsley in the erection of Hesperonomada, can be established without any doubt by an examination of the male genitalia, particularly the 9th sternum, which is radically dif- ferent from that of any group of Nomada, and is illustrated in the Linsley reference above. A thoroughgoing revision of the genus Melanomada, ap- parently considerably larger than anticipated, will necessarily await the accumulation of more specimens than now appear to be available. The insects are rare, or at least are rare in col- lections. The generic characters will be neither entirely those of Cockerell's Melanomada nor entirely those of Linsley's Hesperonomada since the inclusion of the additional species which may prove to belong here will modify the concepts of both authors. M. melanantha has two cubital cells, a peculi- arity which appears sporadically in numerous species of Noma- dines, and which is a fairly constant character in Nomada (Hcminomada} obliterate and A r . (Pachynomada} victrix. A New Species of Lerodea from Texas (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) By H. A. FREEMAN, Pharr, Texas For some time the writer had been confusing a species of Lerodea from Texas with ncamathla Skinner and Williams. Despite the fact that this species resembles the Florida species, certain superficial characteristics encouraged the writer to make genitalic studies and thus find that the specimens from Texas constitute an unnamed species the description of which follow. 204 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '45 Lerodea Julia n. sp. ($. Upper surface : Primaries, greyish-brown with three very faint, linear subapical spots. There are two yellowish spots below the subapical ones, the lowest one not in line and nearer the center of the wing. The entire surface of the wing is over- scaled with light yellow scales and hairs. Secondaries, greyish- brown, overscaled with light yellow scales and hairs. Under surface : Primaries, center of the wing greyish-brown with the costal margin, apex and outer margin overscaled with ochreous scales. The spots reappear but are much fainter. Secondaries, brown, heavily overscaled with ochreous scales, otherwise immaculate. Fringe : Lighter in coloration than the wings. The palpi are yellowish-brown with some white scales interspersed. 5- Similar to the J 1 , except the ground color is somewhat darker. Expanse : <$$, 26-29 mm., average 28 mm. ; 5$, 26-29 mm., average 28 mm. Described from 17 specimens, 11 J'J 1 and 6 9$. The data on these specimens, all collected by the writer, are as follows : 1 J\ X-15-44, 1 <$, 1-2-45, I ?, 1-1-45, 1 ?, XII-30-44, 1 ?, 1-28- 45, Pharr; 3^, I?, V-31-42, Uvalde; 1 , VIII-16-44, New Braumfels ; 1 <$, VI 8-40, Brownsville ; all in Texas and 1 $, VI-8-35, Monterrey, N. L., Mexico. This species is named in honor of my second daughter. Holotype <$, X-15-44, Pharr, Texas and allotype $, XII- 30-44, Pharr, Texas, are in the collection of the author. Para- types, 3 gg are in the collection of Mr. Otto Buchholz ; 1 J* in the collection of Dr. George Rawson ; 1 J\ in the Stallings and Turner collection ; one pair will be placed in each of the follow- ing museums ; Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, The American Museum of Natural History, and the United States National Museum. The other 2 ^^ and 2 $2 paratypes will remain for the present in the collection of the author. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 205 Julia resembles neamathla Skinner and Williams superficially more than any other species of Lerodca; however, the follow- ing differences can be noted. 1. Julia is slightly larger than neamathla. 2. The spots on the primaries are larger and somewhat more readily discernible in julia, because of their lighter coloration. 3. The overscaling on the upper surface of both wings is somewhat lighter in julia than in neamathla. 4. On the lower surface of the secondaries of julia. the over- scaling is of a more ochreous coloration, thus being lighter than neamathla. Fig. 1. Genitalia of: Lerodca julia n. sp., <$ paratype, Uvalde, Texas, V-31-42. Julia belongs to that group of obscurely marked skippers that for accurate determination requires a study of the genitalia. Despite the resemblance to neamathla, the genitalia are differ- ent as can be seen by comparing the figure with the genitalia of the Florida species. 206 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '45 Amphorophora Aphids Notes By GEORGE F. KNOWLTON, Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Logan, Utah The following paper includes the description of an apparently undescribed Amphorophora from currant foliage, and records host and locality data for additional species of the genus Am- phorophora, a number of which were collected upon berry plants. Amphorophora fronki 1 n. sp. Alate vivipara: Color green ; cleared specimens largely pale ; antennae 2.75 mm. long; antennal III, .865 with 51 to 57 sen- soria; IV, .44 to .46 with 2 to 4 sensoria in row on basal half of segment; V, .367 to .385 without secondary sensoria; VI, .014 + .95 ; rostrum exceeds second coxae ; rostral IV + V slenderly obtuse, .145 mm. long; hind tibiae 1.72, pale with thickened distal end blackish; hind tarsi .175, blackish; cornicles vasiform, .296 long, pale with distal three-fifths slightly dusky, swollen portion scarcely twice thickness of narrowest part; cauda .32 mm. long, pale to slightly dusky. Apterous vivipara: Color green ; body 2.4 mm. long ; antennae pale with dark ends on III to VI ; antennals III, .835 to .93 with 12 to 15 sensoria on proximal half; IV, .408 to .48, with- out sensoria; V, .4 to .464; VI, .104 to .112 + .92 to .945; rostrum reaching third coxae, tip slenderly obtuse; rostral IV + V, .152; hind tibiae 1.92, pale, blackish at distal ends; hind tarsi .168 to .176; cornicles .736 to .785, spinosely imbricated before the flange; cauda .368 to .385, pale, usually with 3 lateral hairs ; cauda rounded. Collected on foliage of "bedbug currant," Ribes sp., at Ameri- can Fork, Utah, July 25, 1940 (G. F. Knowlton). Type in the collection of writer. Winged females of Amphorophora fronki n. sp. key to A. sensoriata Mason in Mason's key (U. S. Natl. Mus. Proc. 67 : 1 Named in honor of 1st Lt. W. D. Fronk. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 207 5-6, 1925) from which they differ in having no sensoria on antennal V, longer rostrum, shorter and paler antennals III and IV with fewer sensoria. Aptera of A. fronki key to A. per- gandei Mason in the above key, but possess longer cornicles and have fewer lateral hairs on cauda. Alate A. fronki have paler and less tuberculate antennae and paler cornicles than A. per- gandei. Amphorphora amicae Glend. Collected on Arnica sp. near foot of Puyallup Glacier, Mt. Rainier, Washington (H. C. Bennion). A. cratacgi (Monell). An extremely heavy infestation caused foliage of Cratacgits to drop early in the forestry nursery at the Utah State Agricultural College, Logan, Utah, during the fall of 1943. On September 5 to 8 the trunk, branches and soil beneath a number of Crataegus were green with hundreds of thousands of these crawling aphids, deserting heavily infested fallen leaves and crawling back upon the hosts. Also collected at Hoytsville, Utah, October 1943; Mt. Timpanogos, Utah, July 12, 1942; Grand Canyon of the Snake River, Wyoming, September 11, 1941 (Knowlton) ; and at Hollister, Idaho, August 30, 1930 (D. E. Fox). A. geranii G.-P. Buhl, Idaho, October 17, 1930 (D. E. Fox). A. grind cliae Wins. On Grindclia sqiiarrosa at Garland, June 4 and 10, 1938, and Granite, June 27, 1937, in Utah; Beaver Dam, April 25, 1935, and Flagstaff, September 23, 1944, in Arizona; Basin, Wyoming, September 12, 1941; Helena, Montana, August 2, 1944; and Castleford, Idaho, August 19, 1943. A Iialli Knit. Runs to A. ncrvata (Gill.) in Mason's key (U. S. Natl. Mus. Proc. 2: 6, 1925) from which it differs in more swollen cornicles, relatively longer antennal V and unguis. Rostral IV + V, .126 mm. long; hind tibiae 1.77; hind tarsi .126. A. laingi (?) Mason. An apterous female collected at Puyal- lup, Washington, August 11, 1937 (H. C. Bennion) keys to this species in Mason's key (U. S. Natl. Mus. Proc. 67: 6-7, 1925). 208 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '45 A. niasoni (Knit.). On Helianthits annitus, Toquerville, Utah, June 18, 1935; Fredonia, Arizona, July 11, 1935. A. minima Mason. On raspberry, Wooster, Ohio, August 24 (Wilcox). A. nervata (Gill.). On leaves and tender tips of twigs of wild rose, Rosa chrysocarpa, at Big Cottonwood Canyon, Utah, June 29, 1925 ; and Rosa jendleri at Emigration Canyon, Utah, July 25, 1925 ; on cultivated rose at Bonneville Dam and Port- land, Oregon, June 20, 1939 ; Twin Falls, Idaho, August 19, 1943; Shoshone, Wyoming, September 13, 1935; Bozeman, Montana, July 16, 1936; Overton, Nevada, May 20, 1935; in Utah at Moab, July 26, 1935, and at Amalga, Cedar Valley, Delta, Hooper, Logan, Ogden, Pleasant Grove, Provo. St. George and Springville. Collected in sweeps on grass at Salem, Oregon, June 17, 1939. A. ritbi (Kalt.). Abundant on wild raspberry leaves at Miner's Basin in LaSal Mountains, Utah, July 28, 1939; on tame raspberry at Wellsville, Utah, July 4, 1939; on Rubus strigosns, Hyrum, Utah, October 12, 1938; on Rubus sp. at Albany, Oregon, August 24, 1944. A. rubicola (Oest.). On wild raspberry, Ritbiis sp., Living- ston, Montana, July 31, 1942 (H. F. Thornley). A. rubicumbcrlandi K.-A. On wild black raspberry canes, Rubus sp., Oregon Caves, Southern Oregon, June 24, 1939 (Dr. S. A. Huber). More than 1000 to 2000 in some very large colonies on black raspberry canes examined at Puyallup, Washington, June 17, 1939 (Huber-Knowlton). A. scnsoriata Mason. On growing tips of cultivated rasp- berry, Madison, Wisconsin, October 7, 1914 (A. C. Burrill) ; Haddonfield, N. J., July 12, 1938 (M. D. Leonard). A. sonchi (Oest.) On Lactuca at Overton, Nevada, April 26, 1935; Bozeman, Montana (C. B. Philip); Buhl, Idaho, August 19, 1943; Hurricane and Salt Lake City, Utah; on loganberry, Corvallis, Oregon, October 8, 1914 (A. L. Lovett) ; on wild gooseberry on foothills west of Woodruff, Utah, July 5, 1935 ; on black currant at Fielding, Collinston and Garland, October 22, 1929; on Sonchus aspcr at Magna; alates on sugar Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 209 beets (accidentals?) at Cornish, Utah, September 23, 1926. Alate on Rosa sp., Ogden Canyon, October 9, 1937 (acci- dental?); winged females in greenhouse at Logan, Utah on Agropyron crcstatnm, December 5 and 15, 1939; at Preston, Idaho on currant. The Andrew Bolter Insect Collection x By WILLIAM F. RAPP, JR. The statement has recently been made that the Andrew Bolter collection has been lost. This collection was willed to the De- partment of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana, by the late Andrew Bolter in 1900. The will specified that the collection was to be kept in the original cabinets and was not to be broken up and placed in other collections. The provisions of the will have been kept and the collection is still retained by the University of Illinois' Entomology Department. At the time of Bolter's death this collection was considered the largest private insect collection in North America. A par- tial list of types was published by Prison. 2 Many types and co-types are still thought to be in the collection. It is particu- larly strong in Lepidoptera, the majority of which were de- termined by the leading specialists of the day, such as Smith, Hulst, Grote, Daecke, Edwards, and Harris. A partial list of the Lepidoptera has been published by Kimball and Jones. 3 The collection is also rich in Coleoptera. There is a fair num- ber of Hymenoptera, which were largely determined by E. T. Cresson, Sr. The type of Trogits bolteri is in the collection, and possibly several other of Cresson's types. Today the collection is in good condition, but the nomencla- ture is that of 1900. Unfortunately, there is very little collec- tion data with the specimens, the majority having only state labels. 1 Contribution from the Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana, No. 252. 2 Bull. 111. State Nat. Hist. Survey, vol. 15 (1927), pp. 232-233. 3 Kimball, C. R. and Jones, F. M., Annotated List of the Lepidoptera of Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard Islands, Mass., Publication of the Nantucket Maria Mitchell Association, vol. IV. 210 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '45 New Syrphid Flies By F. M. HULL, University of Mississippi (Continued from page 187) Eristalis maritimus n. sp. A submetallic fly, the wings widely tinged with brown, espe- cially just beyond the middle ; scutellum yellowish brown. Re- lated to resolutus Walker. The opaque fasciae upon the ab- domen are much more narrow, the front is shining black without the prominent transverse depression. Female. Length 11 mm. Head: The upper occiput, the front and vertex shining black with a slight purplish cast on either side of the faint median line; the entire pile of this area is black and the front is without the prominent transverse de- pression of resolutus which lies a short distance above the an- tennae. Face widely shining black in the middle, the sides yellowish white pubescent with similar colored pile. Beneath the antennae this pubescence extends nearly across the face and it extends on either side of the antennae and linearly up the front halfway upon the eye margins. Antennae with the first two segments dark brown; the third is reddish ventrally and narrowly along the base and brownish black upon the re- mainder. Arista dark brown. Thorax: black with a bluish reflection especially prominent in the middle of the posterior half. Seen from the rear there are a pair of narrowly sepa- rated, submedial, grey pollinose vittae reaching to the posterior third where they are diagonally cut off and their apices are divergent. There is a similar pair of pollinose fasciae just anterior to the transverse suture. There is a more whitish or brownish white pollinose spot mesad to each humerus. The posterior half of mesopleura and upper half of sternopleura and an obscure spot on the hypopleura are pale yellowish or brown- ish white pollinose and these areas have reddish yellow pile ; pteropleura with abundant black pile and the pile of the mesono- tum except upon the notapleura, the ventral edge of post calli Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 211 and a few hairs at the sides of the scutellum are reddish orange ; dorsal pile of the post calli black. Scutellum light orange brown with abundant appressed black pile. Abdomen: wide and short oval, the first segment black with reddish pile along the sides. The second segment has a subopaque, narrow, basal border and a wider medial vitta which expands posteriorly into a subapical fascia that is somewhat diffuse; the depression which marks the anterior border of this opaque fascia is quite marked and rather deep. The remainder of the antero-lateral portion is strongly brassy but apically coppery red ; medially the apical margin of this segment is brassy. Upon the third segment there is a large, subopaque, medial, elongate spot reach- ing from the base nearly to the apex of the segment. The basolateral part of the segment is quite reddish coppery with a narrow, oblique, greenish blue, quite diffuse, rather shining, diagonal stripe running from the posterior corner towards the opaque medial spot which, however, it does not reach. Upon the fourth segment there is only the large, oval, medial sub- opaque black spot, the remainder of the sides coppery in color. Legs: Femora black, becoming sepia near the apex. Pile of anterior femora entirely black, of the middle femora black ex- cept for a band of long, reddish yellow hairs posterodorsally upon the basal half and some short yellow pile along the an- terior surface on the basal half. Pile of hind femora short and black but with a prominent, dorsal row of long reddish brassy pile above and similar, more sparse pile ventrally; the lateral pile is chiefly black. The anterior tibiae are blackish on the apical half and light yellowish brown diffusely upon the basal part ; the middle tibiae are dark brown apically and yellowish brown basally. The hind tibiae are dark sepia brown upon the apical two-thirds but diffusely yellowish brown basally and without the central yellow triangle found on resolutiis. Pile of hind tibiae almost wholly reddish orange but with numerous short black hairs ventrally upon the basal half. All of the tarsi are very dark brown with brownish black pile dorsally and 212 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '45 yellowish brown pile ventrally. Wings: strongly tinged with brown from the middle nearly to the apex ; the whole of the posterior and apical border of wings pale brown, the first and second basal cells and the base of the costal cell very pale yel- lowish brown. Holotype: a female, GUADALCANAL (C. O. Berg collector), 1944; presented to the author by George Steyskal. Dideopsis hemipennis n. sp. Related to aegrota Fabricius. The dark sepia brown area upon the base of the wing is sharply delimited instead of diffuse and covers only the basal half or slightly more of the wing. The brown color runs diagonally backward well behind the posterobasal corner of the discal cell. At most only half of the discal c^ll is colored with brown. Male. Length 9 mm. Head: Vertex shining black, the front shining black on the lower half and with a faint bluish cast laterally, diffusely merging into a pollinose or pubescent area above. Middle of upper front yellowish brown pubescent, merging into the yellowish white pubescence along the eye mar- gins. Pile of upper part of the front long, erect and black with many reddish hairs intermixed but entirely black laterally on each side of the supra-antennal callus. Pile of the face entirely pale yellow. Middle of the face dully shining black, the ex- treme lower part of face and cheeks black but most of the sides of the face pale yellow and with similarly colored pubescence. Tubercle of face fairly prominent. The first two antennal seg- ments black whereas they are dark brown or reddish brown in aegrota; the third segment is blackish above, light reddish brown below entirely to the apex. Thorax: Mesonotum shin- ing black, the notapleura grey pollinose, a prominent reddish yellow collar of hairs present ; the mesonotal pile is fine, erect and black but reddish along the sides and before the scutellum and entirely reddish over the base of the wing ; the thick tuft of black pile over the wing as in aegrota is absent. Scutellum yel- lowish brown with fine, blackish pile ; squamae light yellow with Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 213 similar fringe ; halteres orange brown. The mesopleura are yellowish pollinose with thick yellowish brown pile ; pteropleural pile black; plumulae white. Abdomen: rather similar to acgrota in general pattern, the pair of spots upon the base of the second segment almost connected across the midline. The basal fascia of third segment is a little wider and not indented postero- medially. Legs: Anterior and middle femora light reddish brown becoming more brownish basally, their tibiae and anterior basitarsi light reddish brown. Middle tarsi entirely blackish except the extreme base which may be a little reddish. Hind femora and their tibiae except for yellowish middle band sepia brown, their tarsi black, the pile of the hind legs black. Venter colored as in acgrota. Wings: apical half of the wings ob- liquely hyaline, the apical half of the stigmal cell very pale yel- lowish, the basal half sepia, the brown color of the wing rather sharply delimited and reaching from just beyond the end of the costal cell across the middle of the discal cell to the end of the wing at the end of the sixth vein. The extreme base of the first and the second basal cells is barely paler than the sur- rounding brown color. Holotype: a male, NEW GEORGIA, 1944 (C. O. Berg col- lector) ; presented to the author by George Steyskal. Eristalis collaris De Meijere variety nigrovittata new variety Distinguished by the metallic blackish vitta upon the face. Male. Length 9.5 mm. Head: The pile of the front and vertex is black ; of the face pale yellowish brown. The lateral eye marginal bands of pubescence are also pale yellowish brown. Cheeks and lower part of the face deep yellowish brown. Mid- dle of the face with a brownish black highly polished medial vitta. The antennae are orange brown, the arista reddish brown. Upper eye facet of the male enormously enlarged, ex- tending halfway down the eyes but the enlarged area not sharply separated. Thorax: black, the entire area anterior to the suture with thick, yellowish brown, slightly reddish pollen and similarly 214 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '45 colored pile. Viewed posteriorly there are two broad, sub- medial vittae of this same pollen which are anteriorly fused and which extend posteriorly a short way past the transverse suture. Their posterior ends are obliquely truncate and divergent. There is a fascia of the same colored pollen just before the scutellum with similar pile. The intervening area upon the mesonotum is nearly opaque black but reddish sepia brown upon the edges and with black to blackish brown pile. The post calli are shining reddish brown ; the presutural yellow pollinose stripe extends down upon the mesopleura across the upper sternopleura and curves upward over most of the hypo- pleura; pleural pile reddish yellow. The squamae are pale yellowish brown basally, sepia on the apical half with sepia fringe ; scutellum deep yellow, opaque except upon the trans- lucent rim which is shining, its discal pile thick and black, the marginal pile yellow. Abdomen: with the first and all of the second segment deep yellow except an opaque, anteromedially produced, posterior black fascia which however extends only upon the posterior third of the segment and the medial exten- sion extends forward only two-thirds the length of the seg- ment. Pile of the yellow areas yellow or orange except pos- teriorlaterally on the second segment ; pile of the black areas black. The third segment is deep yellow on the basal half, becoming metallic over the yellow laterally; the posterior half is subopaque black, brown where joins the yellow and the black area black pilose. There is a medial, posterior, metallic golden notch on the black area. Fourth segment metallic brassy or golden, with a narrow, central, opaque black fascia very slightly oblique, meeting in the midline at the base of the segment. The pile of this segment is wholly golden. Legs: entirely pale brownish orange ; the apex of the hind tibiae is light reddish brown, the last two tarsi on all of the legs black. Wings: hya- line, the dip of the third vein quite shallow but long, the wings without villi, the stigmal cell very pale yellow and almost hya- line, narrowly brownish at its immediate base but without any stigmal cross vein. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 215 Female. Similar to the male, the metallic black stripe of the face is wider and still more prominent, the vertex shining black ; a short distance below the ocelli there is a transverse, pos- teriorly concave, opaque black cross band which is in the middle extended forward more than half the length of the front ; its anterior end rounded. The anterior part of the front is shin- ing black, the lateral margin rather widely creamy brown pubescent and connected with the same pubescences of the face ; all of the frontal pile is black. Upon the abdomen there is only a narrow basal yellow fascia upon the second segment, the remainder being opaque black except for metallic black lateral triangles. The whole of the first segment is pale brown- ish yellow, third segment similar to the male except that the anterior brownish yellow fascia is shallowly indented posterio- medially, the indentation not quite reaching the base and the metallic black laterally extends narrowly to the base. Fourth segment with the basal yellow fascia complete and with a tiny, medial, posterior notch. Holotype: a male, GUADALCANAL, Nov. 1934, C. O. Berg. Allotype : a female, with the same data. Types in the author's collection. Chrysogaster minuta n. sp. A bright metallic greenish black fly in which the wings are rather strongly tinged with brown and the subapical cross vein is straight, making a right angle with the last section of the third vein. Related to stigmata Will. Male. Length 4.5 mm. Head: The front, vertex and face are shining greenish black, the front with a prominent, round punctate depression in the middle and very sparse, short, light yellow pile. Pile of the vertex blackish. Face with a trans- versely striate area beneath the antennae which is narrow and does not reach the eyes. The lower part of the face and epi- stoma are rather sharply produced forward beyond the base of the antennae. The antennae are wholly black, the second seg- ment approximately twice as long as the first, the third nearly 216 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '45 twice as long as the second. Thorax: Mesonotum shining greenish black, including the scutellum and with four obscure brassy vittae. Mesonotal pile short, erect, abundant and brassy yellow. The pleural pile is quite sparse but of the same color. Squamae pale yellowish brown with similar fringe, halteres light orange. Abdomen: wider than thorax, the lateral mar- gins greenish to brassy black, slightly coppery upon the sides at the end of the second segment. Disc of abdomen only moderately shining and more or less subopaque black with a slight bluish, purplish reflection. Legs: Femora and tibiae wholly greenish black with light brownish to pale yellow pile ; tarsi wholly black, pale pilose. Wings: rather strongly and uni- formly tinged with dilute smoky brown, the stigma barely darker. Subapical cross vein straight making a right angle with the last section of the third vein. Holotype: a male, Mt. Rainier, WASHINGTON, July 7, 1926 (F. M. Hull collector). Salpingogaster uncinata n. sp. A dark sepia brown species with yellowish legs; a yellow stripe on the reddish brown pleura and the face reddish brown in the middle. Related to diana Hull. Male. Length 11 mm. Head: Vertex shining black, the front deep reddish brown, the sides narrowly yellow, the face light yellow with reddish brown medial stripe reaching to just below the prominent tubercle. The pile of the front and face is sparse and yellow. The front is without a prominent con- striction. The first two antennal segments are light brown, the third missing. Occiput yellowish grey pollinose with fine golden pile, the eyes with a medial indentation. Thorax: Mesonotum reddish sepia brown with on either side a narrow, slender, shining reddish or chestnut vitta reaching practically to the scutellum and very slightly diverging posteriorly. The post calli and the region just in front are light reddish chestnut. There is a similar colored slender vitta which runs from the inner end of the pale yellow humeri to the transverse suture. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 217 The notapleura are narrowly yellowish, the posterior half of mesopleura and upper posterior half of sternopleura and a narrow vertical band margining the metanotum are light yel- low; scutellum sepia brown, the base and the margin light yellow. Pile of the mesonotum quite sparse, short and yellow. Squamae light brownish yellow. Halteres light brown. Ab- domen strongly constricted upon the cylindrical second seg- ment which segment is reddish chestnut in color. The middle of this segment is not quite half as wide as the base or apex. The first segment is of the same color, its lateral margins or lobes bluntly rounded and a little more yellowish. Third, fourth, and fifth segments shining sepia black with slight bluish reflections and formed into a wide, quite convex club-like por- tion. The hypopygium is sepia with a strong narrow down- ward curved hook-like projection; venter dark reddish brown, the fourth sternite with on either side a rounded bristly lobe. Legs: First pair of legs wholly yeltow, second and third pairs wholly yellow except for light reddish brown coxae and tro- chanters and for faint but wide brown subapical bands on their femora and the medial surface of the femora more yellowish brown. Posterior femora with thick abundant blackish pile that becomes quite long ventrally and near the apex rather stiffer and more bristly. Wings: strongly tinged with yellow- ish, the costal and subcostal cell and basal half of the marginal cell and of the first basal cell above the spurious vein deep yellow. The stigmal cell is rather dark brown, the marginal cell and the apex of the submarginal cell light brown. Loop of the third vein only moderately deep, about as deep as the usual species of Eristalis. Subapical cross vein only moderately sig- moid. Holotypc: a male. La Suiza, COSTA RICA (Pablo Schild) 1924. Type in the collection of Dr. A. L. Melander. 218 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '45 Personals University of Minnesota. In June, the NEWS announced the appointment of Dr. A. Glenn Richards, Jr., to the faculty of the College of Agriculture. Further appointments, as published in a recent number of SCIENCE, are : Dr. Clarence E. Mickel, acting chief of the Division of Entomology and Economic Zo- ology since the retirement of Dr. William A. Riley on June 15, 1944, has been promoted to be chief of the Division ; Dr. Mykola H. Haydak has been promoted to an associate professorship. He will be in charge of the beekeeping work of the Division and succeeds the late Dr. Maurice C. Tanquary. Dr. Laurence K. Cutkomp has been appointed research associate, and Dr. H. Y. Fan has been appointed research fellow in the Division. Both will assist in the research programs in insect physiology. Notes and News* in Entomology Under this heading we present, from time to time, notes, news and comments. Contributions from readers are earnestly solicited and will be acknowledged when used. Observation Hives. In the "A B C and X Y Z of Bee Culture," by Root, we learn that the first approach to the mod- ern type of observation hive was invented in England by W. Mew about 1650. It is interesting in this connection to call attention to the fol- lowing paragraph in "The Diary of Samuel Pepys," under the date of May 5, 1665 : "After dinner to Mr. Evelyn's ; he being abroad, we walked in his garden, and a lovely noble ground he hath indeed. And among other rarities, a hive of bees, so as being hived in glass, you may see the bees making their honey and combs mighty pleasantly." The paragraph, in all its quaintness, helps to fix the date of the first use of the observation hive, and also its popularity at that time among the gentry of England. PHIL RAU. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 219 Insects, Men and Ultra-violet. Normal human eyes are blind to ultra-violet light. Many insects, however, are able not only to see ultra-violet light but are extraordinarily sensitive to it. This we know from the work of Lubbock, Von Hess and Kiihn in Europe and from the researches of Lutz and of Bert- holf in this country. Kiihn l was able to train bees to come to the ultra-violet line 365 m/A of the mercury-vapor spectrum ir- respective of its relative brilliance or of its position with respect to other lines and concluded that bees see this wave-length as qualitively distinct, i.e., as a separate color. For example, bees trained to respond to 365 m/t (ultra-violet) will not respond to 405 m/A (visible blue or violet) and vice versa. Bertholf 2 showed that this wave-length has maximum stimulative effi- ciency, as compared with all other parts of the spectrum. Fur- thermore, he is convinced of the validity of Kiihn's conclusions. Recently, Professor George Wald 3 of Harvard University pointed out that aphakic persons (those who have had their lenses removed in the operation for cataract) can see very well in the ultra-violet, the part of the spectrum that is ordinarily absorbed by the yellow color of the human lens. This being so, aphakics should be able to tell us what ultra-violet looks like. Do they experience a strange new color sensation which only they and the bees know of? Dr. Wald disappoints us with: "this ordinarily produces no striking distortion of their visual experiences, as may be judged from the fact that they usually are wholly unaware of their extraordinary capacities." Nor do they have new sensations ; aphakics "seem to see this region (365 m/j.) as they do 405 m//,, as blue or violet." Wald also states that we are no longer dependent on "pure speculation" (apparently referring to the conclusions of Kiihn) and implies that color sensation in bees must be like that in aphakics. 1 Kiihn, A. 1927. liber den Farbensinn der Bienen. Zeitsch. f. ver- gleichende Physiol. 5 : 762-800. - Bertholf, L. M. 1931. The distribution of stimulative efficiency in the ultra-violet spectrum for the honeybee. Jour. Agric. Research 43 : 703-713. y Wald, G. 1945. Human vision and the spectrum. Science 101 : 653- 658. 220 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '45 But is the basis for Wald's comparison really adequate? In view of the very great differences between the visual organs of man and insects, is it not dangerous to conclude that because wave-lengths 365 m/x and 405 m/x appear qualitatively alike to man they must appear alike to insects? After re-reading Kiihn's carefully planned experiments, one is inclined to ask : Who is speculating? R. G. SCHMIEDER. A Correction By WILLIAM F. RAPP, JR. In my article in Entomological News for May 1945. page 117, I stated that Eupaniasis aleoptera (Druce) is the genotype for Neopaniasis Rapp. This is a mistake on my part and the type is Paniasis aleoptera Druce. Also Dr. Schaus' name is not spelt with a final "e." I am greatly endebted to Mr. Halm W. Capps for calling these errors to my attention. Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the current or preceding year unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, ire recorded only at their first installment. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Ex- periment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. NOTE: The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper ap- peared, as numbered in the List of Journals given at the end of the literature. The num- ber of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keys are followed by (k); papers pertaining exclusively to Neo- tropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 221 GENERAL Carl & Hardy. Flora and fauna of the Paradise Mine area, British Columbia. [Report, Provin- cial Mus. Nat. Hist. & Anthropology Brit. Columb.] 1944: C18-C38, ill. Cockerell, T. D. A. Insects of the Cali- fornian Islands. [125] 4: 283-96. Baird, A. B. Labora- tory propagation of parasites and its place in biological con- trol problems. [125] 4: 417-20. Bartlett, K. A'. Collec- tion of parasites of the sugar-cane borer, Diatraea sac- charalis, in Sao Paulo, Brazil. [125] 4: 335-38. Flanders, S. E. Practical application of biological studies of para- sites employed in biological control. [125] 4: 373-81. In- gram, Holloway & Wilson. Recent development in bio- logical control of Diatraea sacchralis in the continental U. S. [125] 4: 359-63. Marin & Perra. Introduccion de hvperparasitos-en Chile: Resumen de las importaciones hechas y de sus resultados. [125] 4: 351-57. Meiners, E. P. "'Cockroach" versus "roach." [19] 40: 56. Michel- bacher, A. E. Value of accurate classification of insects as illustrated by the confusion of two closely related sp. of Hypera. [125]) 4: 403-405. Muma &" Jeffers. Galls found on the canes of brambles in Maryland. [Maryland Nat. Hist. Soc. Maryland] 15: 47-52, ill. Pierce, W/D.- Fossil arthropods from California. [38] 44: 1-9, ill. (*). Rapp, W. F. Opinion 152 of the International Comm. of Zool. Nomenclature. [68] 102: 17-18. Schwarz, H. F.- \\ ax of stingless bees (Meliponidae) and the uses to v\'hich it has been put. [6] 53: 137-44. Steyskal, G. Remarks upon spatial relationships in entomological description. [19] 40: 57-59. Weiss, H.B. Insect food habit ratios of the Lloyd-Cornell reservation. [6] 53: 167-68. Wille, J. E. Resume de las diferentes labores ejecutadas en el Peru para combatir insectos daninos por el "metodo biologico." [125] 4: 369-71. William Thompson Davis 1862-1945. -Obituary by H. B. Weiss. [6] 53: 127-135 (photo). ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL Barnes, H. F. Studies of fluctuations in insect populations. VIII. Wheat blossom midges on broadbalk, 1932 M3. [97] 10: 94-120, 1941. IX. Carrot fly (Psila rosae) 1936-41. [97] 11: 69-81, 1942. Bouhniol, J. J. Nymphes acephales pre- maturees chez le ver a soie (Bomlyx mori). [127] 188: 418-20, 1944. Butt, F. H. External morphology of Am- phimallon majalis, the European chafer (Coleoptera). [Mem. Cornell Univ.] 266. 18 pp., ill. Douglas, J. R.- Knowledge of the internal anatomy of Dermacentor ander- 222 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '45 soni necessary to pursue the study of rickettsial infection in the tick. [125] 4: 487-97, ill. Ellsworth, J. K. Medical entomological problems of the war. [Ann. Biol. Collo- quium, Corvallis, Oregon, 1943] 5: 18-21. Friedland & Harnly. Effect of temperature on the wings of dimorphos/ dimorphos vestigial-pennant/vestigial in Drosophila mela- nogaster. [92] 88: 247-53. Goux, L. Note sur la con- stitution du tegument chez la larve d'une Aleurode. [127] 188: 627-28, 1944. Herms, W. B. Some entomological problems of the Pacific area with which medical entomolo- gists should be concerned. [125] 4: 429-32. Knowles, F. L. Growth measurements of Anopheles quadrimaculatus larvae. [130] 58 (4) : 136-39, ill., 1943. Mickey, G. H. Gy- nandromorphs in Drosophila melanogaster. [Proc. Loui- siana Acacl. Sci.] 8: 83-99, ill. Montshadsky, A. On the mechanism of digestion in the larvae of Chaoborus (Diptera). [Zool. Jour., Moscow] 24: 98. Nicolle & Lwoff. L'acide pantothenique dans la nutrition de I'hemi- ptere hemophage Triatoma infestans. [127] 188: 34143, 1944. Paillot & Kirkor. Etude de la Vitesse de chemine- ment des aliments a travers les differentes parties du tube digestif de 1'abeille. [127] 188: 34-35, 1944. Peterson, A. Some insect infants. [54] 60: 426-42, ill. Picaud, A. Recherches histologiques sur le glycogene chez les larves de dipteres du gen. "Simulium. [127] 188: 264-65, 1944. Poulson, D. F. Chromosomal control of embryogenesis in Drosophila. [90] 79: 340. Richards & Weygandt. The selective penetration of fat solvents into the nervous sys- tem of mosquito larvae. [6] 53: 153-65. de Salles & Hathaway. Nota sobre a infestacas ae Musca domesteca por um ficorniceto do gen. Empusa. [Ill] 41: 95-99, ill. Sautet & Audibert. Rythme cardiaque des larves de mous- tiques, en asphyxie. [127] 188: 679-80, 1944. Scharrer, B. Experimental tumors in an insect. [68] 102: 102. Shull, A. F. Inheritance in lady beetles. III. Crosses be- tween variants of Hippodamia quinquesignata and between this species and H. convergens. [Jour. Hered.] 36: 148- 60, ill. Stewart, M. A. Present knowledge of the status of vectors of sylvatic plague in No. Am. [125] 4: 433-37. Stojanovich, C. J. Head and mouthparts of the sucking lice (Anoplura). [117] 10: 1-46, ill. Wiltshire, E. P.- Is the diapause in insects eradicable? [21] 57: 49-51. Yeager, J. F, Blood picture of the southern army worm (Prodenia eridania). [47] 71 (1): 1-40, ill. Ivi, '45] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 223 ARCHNIDA & MYRIOPODA Chamberlin & Cham- berlin. Genera & sps. of the Triclenchthoniclae (Dithidae). [Hull. Univ. Utah] 35: No. 23, 67 pp., ill. (*). Cooley & Kohls. Antricola new genus. Amblyomma gertschi new species and notes on Ixodes spinipalpis. [130] 57 (46) : 1733-1736. ill., 1942. Ixodes baergi, a n.sp. of tick from Ar- kansas. 57 (49): 1869-1872, ill. Davis, G. E. Ornitho- doros turicata : the male, feeding and copulation habits, fertility, span of life and the transmission of relapsing fever spirochetes. [130] 56 (36): 1799-1802, 1941. Goodnight, C. J. & M. L. Additional Phalangida from Mexico. [40J No. 1281, 17 pp., ill. (*). Gibson, W. W. List of spiders collected near Memphis, Tenn. [49] 20: 214-17. Hoff, C. C. New Neotropical Diplosphyronida (Chelonethida). [40] No. 1288, 17 pp.. ill. Hoffmann, A. Neoschoengastia nunezi n. sp. (Acarina). [56] 5: 221-25, ill. Howell, D. E. Ecology of Dermacentor albipictus. [125] 4: 439-58. Keifer, H. H. 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